MUHS MD Pharmacology Question Papers, 2014–2026

MUHS · Most repeated

The 10 most-repeated MUHS topics

Ranked by the number of the 25 sessions with at least one question on the topic. Only topics with a PharmaNotes Pro chapter are ranked. Past repetition describes these papers; it does not predict the next exam.

1. Immunomodulators

   asked in 16 of 25 sessions · 19 questions · latest Summer 2026 · see the questions

2. Oral Anticoagulants — NOACs, Antiplatelets & Fibrinolytics

   asked in 14 of 25 sessions · 19 questions · latest Summer 2026 · see the questions

3. Receptor Concept & Drug-Receptor Interaction

   asked in 14 of 25 sessions · 18 questions · latest 2025 · see the questions

4. Bronchial Asthma

   asked in 14 of 25 sessions · 17 questions · latest Summer 2026 · see the questions

5. Pharmacovigilance

   asked in 13 of 25 sessions · 15 questions · latest Winter 2026 · see the questions

6. Newer Oral Antidiabetics & SGLT2 Inhibitors

   asked in 13 of 25 sessions · 14 questions · latest Winter 2025 · see the questions

7. Peptic Ulcer Disease — Anti-ulcer Drugs, H. pylori & GERD

   asked in 12 of 25 sessions · 13 questions · latest Summer 2026 · see the questions

8. Student t-Test in Biostatistics

   asked in 12 of 25 sessions · 12 questions · latest 2026 · see the questions

9. Antimalarial Drugs

   asked in 11 of 25 sessions · 12 questions · latest Summer 2026 · see the questions

10. Antitubercular Drugs

    asked in 11 of 25 sessions · 12 questions · latest Winter 2025 · see the questions

MUHS · Every question

All 776 questions, by topic

Topics follow textbook order. A heading that links opens the PharmaNotes Pro chapter for that topic; questions not yet assigned to a chapter are listed under the textbook chapter they are filed in.

Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS)

PharmaNotes Pro chapter9 questions · asked in 8 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksNovel drug delivery systems.
2. Winter 2024 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksExplain "Drug Targeting" with suitable examples.
3. Winter 2022 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksNew drug delivery systems.
4. Winter 2020 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksNew drug delivery systems.
5. Winter 2019 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksWrite briefly on a new drug delivery systems in cancer chemotherapy.
6. Summer 2017 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksNew drug delivery systems.
7. Summer 2017 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksNewer Drug delivery systems.
8. Summer 2015 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksExplain "Drug Targeting" with suitable examples.
9. Summer 2014 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksNew drug delivery systems.

Animal Toxicity Studies

PharmaNotes Pro chapter5 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest Winter 2026

1. Winter 2026 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksPreclinical toxicity studies.
2. Winter 2025 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksPreclinical toxicity studies.
3. Winter 2023 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe the role of animal toxicity studies in development of a new drug.
4. Winter 2020 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksPre-clinical evaluation of a drug in animals.
5. Summer 2018 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksPreclinical toxicity studies.

Biosimilars

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksBiosimilars.
2. Winter 2020 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the role of Biotechnology in health care.
3. Summer 2018 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksWrite a short note on biosimilars.
4. Winter 2018 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksBiotechnology as a source of future drugs.

Gene Therapy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest 2024

1. Summer 2024 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksWrite about current issues and future prospects of stem cell therapy.
2. Winter 2024 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksGene therapy.
3. Summer 2018 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksWrite in brief about recent advances in gene therapy.
4. Winter 2015 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksWrite about current issues and future prospects of "Stem cell therapy".

Structure-Activity Relationship & Computer-Aided Drug Design

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Winter 2024

1. Winter 2024 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksRole of artificial intelligence in drug development.
2. Summer 2018 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksWrite a short note on Pharmaco informatics.
3. Summer 2016 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksDiscuss the role of "drug designing" in drug development.

Drug Enantiomers and Chirality

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2023

1. Summer 2023 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksDescribe the significance of chirality of drugs.
2. Winter 2021 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksChiral drugs and its significance.

Essential Medicines & Rational Drug Use

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksWrite a note on essential medicines.
2. Winter 2024 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksWrite briefly on 'Generic Prescription Medicines'.

Liposomal Drug Delivery System

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2023

1. Summer 2023 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksWrite in brief about "Liposomal drug delivery system".
2. Winter 2014 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksLiposomal drug delivery system.

Nanomedicine & Nanoparticle Drug Delivery

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksRole of nanotechnology in drug delivery.
2. Summer 2019 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksNanotechnology applications in current therapeutics.

Orphan Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2017 Suppl

1. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksOrphan drugs.
2. Winter 2014 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksOrphan drugs.

Reverse Pharmacology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2018

1. Summer 2018 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksElaborate the term 'Reverse Pharmacology'.
2. Winter 2018 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksDescribe the role of modern drugs in reverse pharmacology.

Pharmacokinetics: ADME

PharmaNotes Pro chapter10 questions · asked in 9 sessions · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksDefine half life of a drug following first order kinetics. Discuss its derivation and clinical importance.
2. Summer 2023 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksWrite a note on "Volume of distribution of a drug".
3. Winter 2023 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksProtein binding of drugs and its clinical significance.
4. Summer 2019 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksPlasma half life and it's clinical significance.
5. Winter 2019 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss various pharmacokinetic factors modifying drug action.
6. Winter 2018 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksDescribe the various pharmacokinetic parameters and its significance. Explain in brief bioavailability and bioequivalence.
7. Summer 2017 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksDescribe various methods of prolongation of drug action.
8. Summer 2017 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksDescribe various pharmacokinetic parameters and its significance.
9. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss concept of drug clearance, its determination and factors affecting it.
10. Winter 2015 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksDiscuss "Biological half life" of drugs and its clinical significance.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

PharmaNotes Pro chapter6 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Winter 2026

1. Winter 2026 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksDiscuss the therapeutic drug monitoring system and its clinical significance
2. Winter 2021 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksWrite an essay on therapeutic drug monitoring.
3. Summer 2020 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksTherapeutic drug monitoring.
4. Summer 2017 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksTherapeutic drug monitoring.
5. Winter 2015 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksWrite in detail about "Therapeutic drug monitoring".
6. Winter 2014 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring.

Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksBioavailability (BA) and Bioequivalence (BE) studies.
2. Summer 2022 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksWrite a short note on Bioequivalence.
3. Winter 2020 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksBioavailability and Bioequivalence.
4. Winter 2019 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksWrite in brief about bioequivalence.

Chronopharmacology & Chronotherapeutics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Winter 2022

1. Winter 2022 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksChronopharmacology and its significance.
2. Summer 2019 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksChronopharmacology.
3. Summer 2018 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksChronopharmacology and its significance.
4. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksChronopharmacology.

Drug Dosage Principles & Individualisation

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2024

1. Summer 2024 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksDrug use in pathological states

Pharmacoeconomics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2019

1. Summer 2019 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksPharmacoeconomics.

Receptor Concept & Drug-Receptor Interaction

PharmaNotes Pro chapter18 questions · asked in 14 sessions · latest 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksElaborate the modern approaches to receptor characterization and classification.
2. Summer 2025 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksDefine pA2 value. Describe the method of its calculation giving suitable examples.
3. Summer 2025 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksCurrent status of purinergic receptors.
4. Winter 2025 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss drugs acting through ion channels.
5. Winter 2025 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the pharmacology of potassium channel openers.
6. Summer 2024 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the transducer mechanisms involved following various receptor-drug interactions.
7. Winter 2024 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksWrite briefly on "drug antagonism and its clinical significances".
8. Summer 2023 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksDiscuss ion-channel linked receptors.
9. Summer 2023 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe pharmacology of drugs modulating potassium channels.
10. Winter 2023 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksRole of 'G' proteins in modulating the drug action.
11. Winter 2022 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the pharmacological role of G-protein coupled receptors.
12. Summer 2021 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the therapeutic potential of sodium channel blockers.
13. Summer 2020 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksGive an account of G - protein coupled receptors.
14. Summer 2019 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksWrite in brief about drugs acting by modulating sodium channels.
15. Winter 2019 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksWrite in brief about G protein coupled receptors.
16. Winter 2018 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marks"The concept of receptor is important in understanding the mechanism of action of certain drugs." Explain with suitable examples.
17. Summer 2015 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksGive examples of drug antagonism with their clinical importance.
18. Winter 2014 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksNon-competitive drug antagonism.

Enzymes as Drug Targets

PharmaNotes Pro chapter5 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksDescribe recent advances in enzyme related treatment.
2. Summer 2025 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss: Enzymes as targets for the mechanism of drug action. Explain impact of SAR on clinical use of drugs.
3. Winter 2022 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksEnzymes as target for drug action.
4. Summer 2019 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksWrite in short about role of enzymes in therapy.
5. Winter 2014 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksSuicidal Inhibitors.

Drug Interactions

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Summer 2023

1. Summer 2023 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksWrite a note on "Pharmacodynamic drug interactions".
2. Summer 2018 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksDrug-drug interactions.
3. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksDrug interactions of warfarin.

Membrane Transporters & Drug Response

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksWrite in brief role of various transporters in pharmacokinetics along with suitable examples.
2. Winter 2023 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksP glycoprotein inhibitors in pharmacology.

Drug Metabolism & Biotransformation

PharmaNotes Pro chapter6 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksProdrug and its clinical significance with suitable examples.
2. Winter 2024 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss various phases of drug biotransformation in details and their clinical significances with suitable examples.
3. Winter 2023 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksProdrugs and its clinical significance.
4. Summer 2022 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the role of CYP 450 isoenzymes in drug metabolism.
5. Summer 2019 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the role of Biotransformation in drug action.
6. Winter 2015 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the role of biotransformation in drug action.

Microdosing and Phase-0 Studies

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest 2021

1. Summer 2021 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksWrite briefly about phase 0 (zero) of clinical trial.
2. Winter 2021 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksPhase zero clinical trial.
3. Summer 2019 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksPhase 0 clinical trial.

Probiotics and Prebiotics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Winter 2024

1. Winter 2024 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksClinical utility of probiotic and prebiotic and write their advantages & disadvantages.
2. Winter 2024 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksRole of gut microbes in drug metabolism and its clinical significance.
3. Summer 2020 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksDescribe merits and demerits of Probiotics.
4. Summer 2016 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksDescribe advantages and disadvantages of probiotics.

Pharmacogenomics & Personalized Medicine

PharmaNotes Pro chapter8 questions · asked in 8 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksPharmacogenetics in the treatment of diseases.
2. Summer 2025 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksProteomics.
3. Summer 2023 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the impact of genetic factors on 'variability in drug response' and its clinical significance.
4. Summer 2021 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksExplain role of pharmacogenetics in the treatment of diseases.
5. Winter 2021 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksWrite a note on pharmacogenomics.
6. Winter 2020 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksPharmacogenomics.
7. Summer 2016 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksPharmacogenomics and its role in drug discovery and drug development.
8. Summer 2014 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksPharmacogenetics.

Precision Medicine

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Winter 2024

1. Winter 2024 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe role of Precision Medicine in Rational Pharmacotherapy.

Pharmacovigilance

PharmaNotes Pro chapter15 questions · asked in 13 sessions · latest Winter 2026

1. Winter 2026 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksWhat is Pharmacovigilance? Discuss methods of causality assessment and their role in Pharmacovigilance. Add a note on Pharmacovigilance program in India.
2. Winter 2025 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksPharmacovigilance program of India.
3. Summer 2024 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksPharmacovigilance
4. Summer 2023 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksDescribe Post-marketing surveillance.
5. Summer 2023 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksExplain clinical significance of drug induced QT prolongation.
6. Winter 2022 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksPost marketing surveillance and its relevance.
7. Winter 2022 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksPharmacovigilance in India.
8. Summer 2021 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksGive an account of pharmacovigilance.
9. Winter 2020 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksPharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI).
10. Summer 2019 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksHaemovigilence.
11. Summer 2018 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksPost Marketing Surveillance.
12. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksADR monitoring system in India.
13. Summer 2015 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksGive an account of Pharmacovigilance.
14. Winter 2015 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksWrite in brief about "Post-marketing surveillance".
15. Summer 2014 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksWrite an essay on Pharmacovigilance in India.

Drug Schedules under the Drugs & Cosmetics Act

PharmaNotes Pro chapter5 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksEnumerate the drug schedules. Give a detailed account of Schedule Y.
2. Summer 2022 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksRecent updates in Schedule Y.
3. Winter 2022 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksSchedule Y and its importance.
4. Summer 2016 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksWhat are the provisions under drug "schedule H"?
5. Summer 2014 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksSchedule-Y of drugs.

Ecopharmacology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Summer 2024

1. Summer 2024 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksEnvironmental pharmacology
2. Winter 2020 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksWrite a note on environmental pharmacology.
3. Summer 2017 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksEnvironmental pharmacology.

Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksDrug eruptions and their management.
2. Summer 2019 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksDrug allergy.

Pharmacoepidemiology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksDiscuss the role of drug utilization studies for improving the rational use of drugs.
2. Summer 2019 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksPharmaco-epidemiology.

Off-Label Use & Medication Errors

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2016

1. Summer 2016 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksMedication error and reconciliation.

Clinical Toxicology & Poisoning

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksGeneral principles of management of poisoned patient.

Autonomic Neurotransmission

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Summer 2021

1. Summer 2021 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss adrenergic neurohumoral transmission with its clinical relevance.
2. Summer 2019 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksWrite in brief about adrenergic neurohumoral transmission & its clinical relevance.
3. Winter 2019 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksCo-transmission.

Overactive Bladder Pharmacotherapy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2017 Suppl

1. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksVasicoselective anticholinergic agents.
2. Summer 2014 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksPharmacotherapy of urinary bladder dysfunction.

Anticholinesterases and Organophosphate Poisoning

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2016

1. Summer 2016 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksCurrent strategies for management of myasthenia gravis.
2. Winter 2014 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksGive the detail account of recent drugs and current strategies for treatment of insecticide poisoning.

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2021

1. Winter 2021 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksSkeletal muscle relaxants.
2. Summer 2015 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe "skeletal muscle relaxants" with their therapeutic status.

Third-Generation Beta-Blockers

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Summer 2023

1. Summer 2023 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksWrite in brief about "Third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonists".
2. Winter 2020 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksThird generation -adrenergic receptor blockers.
3. Winter 2019 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksWrite briefly on newer beta blockers.

Drugs in Shock

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksDescribe the composition of blood substitutes and explain their therapeutic uses.
2. Summer 2024 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksDiscuss the role of plasma expanders in shock.

Pharmacotherapy of Migraine

PharmaNotes Pro chapter10 questions · asked in 10 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksElaborate the role of drugs in the prophylaxis and treatment of migraine.
2. Summer 2025 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of Migraine.
3. Summer 2024 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksRecent advances in the treatment of Migraine.
4. Summer 2023 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of migraine.
5. Winter 2021 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe the pharmacotherapy of migraine.
6. Summer 2020 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss various anti-migraine drugs used for treatment of severe migraine with special emphasis on their mechanism of action and rationale for their use.
7. Winter 2020 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksGive an account of drugs used for prophylaxis of migraine.
8. Summer 2019 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksWrite in brief about pharmacotherapy of migraine.
9. Summer 2018 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksRole of triptans in management of migraine.
10. Summer 2015 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksDiscuss pharmacology of Triptans.

5-HT (Serotonin) Receptors

PharmaNotes Pro chapter7 questions · asked in 7 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksEnumerate different 5-HT receptors and drugs acting through these receptors. Explain the role of these receptors/drugs on the gastrointestinal system.
2. Summer 2024 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksGive an account of 5-HT receptors, their subtypes and drugs acting as agonists and antagonists at these sites.
3. Winter 2024 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the therapeutic importance of various drugs acting via different Serotonin/5-Hydroxytyptamine (5HT) receptors.
4. Summer 2022 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksWrite briefly about 5HT4 receptor agonists.
5. Summer 2020 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksGive an account of 5-HT receptors, their subtypes and their agonists and antagonists.
6. Summer 2018 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksGive the detail account of serotonin (5HT) receptors, their agonists, antagonists and current status.
7. Winter 2018 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksGive an account of 5HT receptors, their subtypes, agonists and antagonists.

Dopamine Receptor Pharmacology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the pharmacological approaches and therapeutic implications of modulation of dopaminergic transmission.

NMDA Receptor Antagonists & Clinical Applications

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest 2022

1. Summer 2022 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksWrite in brief about NMDA receptors & its antagonists.
2. Winter 2022 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksNMDA receptors.
3. Summer 2020 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksNMDA receptors.

Central Neurotransmitters and Criteria

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2022

1. Winter 2022 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksDiscuss neurotransmitters, cotransmitters and neuromodulators.
2. Winter 2018 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksDescribe the various neurotransmitters and their current status in various disorders. Explain in brief "co-transmission".

Peptide Neurotransmitters

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2019

1. Winter 2019 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksPeptide neurotransmitters.
2. Winter 2014 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksNeuropeptide receptors: Drugs and current status.

Blood-Brain Barrier

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2020

1. Summer 2020 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksBlood brain barrier and blood-C.S.F. barrier.

Newer Antidepressants

PharmaNotes Pro chapter6 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Winter 2024

1. Winter 2024 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksAtypical antidepressant drugs.
2. Winter 2023 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksAtypical antidepressants
3. Summer 2022 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksRole of newer Anti-Depressants in clinical practice.
4. Winter 2021 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksAtypical anti-depressants.
5. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe recent advances in the treatment of mental depression.
6. Winter 2014 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksAtypical antidepressants.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksWrite the uses, advantages and adverse effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
2. Winter 2020 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksClassify anti-depressant drugs. Discuss the pharmacology of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
3. Summer 2015 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksWrite a note on "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors".

Atypical Antipsychotics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest 2022

1. Summer 2022 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the recent advances in the understanding and treatment of psychoses.
2. Winter 2022 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the neurobiological basis for major psychiatric disorders and write pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia.
3. Summer 2015 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksDiscuss pros and cons of "Atypical antipsychotics".

Newer Antiepileptic Drugs & GABA Modulators

PharmaNotes Pro chapter7 questions · asked in 7 sessions · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksClassify antiepileptic drugs based on their mechanism of action. Discuss adverse effects of one drug from each class and thier clinical indications with emphasis of their uses in special conditions.
2. Winter 2020 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the recent advances in the treatment of Epilepsy.
3. Summer 2019 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksWrite the pharmacology of newer anti-epileptic drugs.
4. Summer 2018 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksCurrent status of newer anti-epileptic drugs in neuropathic pain.
5. Winter 2015 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss recent advances in the management of drug resistant epilepsy.
6. Summer 2014 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksNewer antiepileptic drugs.
7. Winter 2014 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksNewer antiepileptic drugs and their current status.

GABA Modulators in Epilepsy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Winter 2023

1. Winter 2023 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksTherapeutic strategy for management of grand mal and absence seizures.

Antiparkinsonian Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter8 questions · asked in 7 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe recent advances in the management of Parkinson's disease.
2. Winter 2023 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksRotigotine.
3. Winter 2022 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksDrugs and Neurodegenerative disorders.
4. Winter 2022 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksRecent advances in the treatment of Parkinsonism.
5. Summer 2021 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe the recent advances in the pathophysiology and treatment of Parkinsonism.
6. Winter 2019 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe the methods used for experimental evaluation of a compound for its antiparkinsonian activity.
7. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksCatecholamine-o-methyl transferase inhibitors in parkinsonism.
8. Summer 2016 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksStatus of Rasagiline in idiopathic parkinsonism.

Alzheimer's & Dementia Pharmacotherapy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter7 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss recent advances in pharmacotherapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
2. Summer 2023 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of dementia.
3. Summer 2018 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksNootropic and Psychoactive drugs.
4. Summer 2017 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksDrug therapy of Alzheimer disease.
5. Summer 2014 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksCognition enhancers.
6. Summer 2014 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss recent advances in the drug treatment of Alzheimers Disease.
7. Winter 2014 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss in detail the various drugs used in management of dementia of the alzheimers type.

Z-drugs (Non-benzodiazepine Hypnotics)

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksWrite a note on Orexin receptor antagonists.
2. Summer 2014 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksMelatonin receptor antagonists.

Neurosteroids

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2014

1. Summer 2014 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksNeurosteroids.

Cancer Pain and Co-Analgesics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksRecent advances in pharmacological management of chronic pain.
2. Winter 2025 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of pain.
3. Winter 2022 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss pain and its modulation by drugs.

Pharmacology of Endorphins and Enkephalins

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest 2023

1. Summer 2023 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksWrite in brief about Enkephalinase inhibitors.
2. Winter 2023 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksEndogenous opioid peptides.
3. Summer 2016 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksEndorphins and encephalins.

Morphine and Opioid Analgesics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksAdverse effects of Morphine and management of opioid dependence.

Opioid Analgesics

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksDescribe pharmacology of urinary analgesics.

General Anaesthetics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2019

1. Winter 2019 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksWrite briefly on neuroleptanalgesia.
2. Winter 2015 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksExplain the role of intravenous anaesthetic agents in surgery.
3. Winter 2015 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksExplain neuroleptanalgesia.

Evaluation of Local Anaesthetics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2020

1. Summer 2020 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe the various experimental and clinical methods for evaluation of local anaesthetic activity of a drug.

Local Anaesthetics: SAR and Techniques

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2014

1. Summer 2014 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksLocal anaesthetics.

Cannabinoids

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksTherapeutic potential of cannabinoids.

Drug Dependence, Tolerance & Addiction

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Summer 2021

1. Summer 2021 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksDiscuss the drugs used to manage nicotine addiction.
2. Winter 2015 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksWrite a note on "drug withdrawal".
3. Summer 2014 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksDrug dependence.

High-Ceiling (Loop) Diuretics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2023

1. Winter 2023 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the pharmacology of Diuretics. Explain their role in various edematous and non edematous states.
2. Summer 2021 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksExplain 'diuretic resistance' and measures for its prevention and treatment.

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2024

1. Summer 2024 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksPotassium sparing diuretics
2. Summer 2022 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksPotassium sparing Diuretics.

RAAS Inhibitors

PharmaNotes Pro chapter6 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the pharmacology of drugs modifying the Renin-angiotensin system. Describe the clinical implications with special reference to cardiovascular system.
2. Winter 2021 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacology of various drugs acting on Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS).
3. Summer 2017 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksDiscuss role of ACE inhibitors in clinical practice.
4. Summer 2016 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the role of Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in clinical practice.
5. Summer 2015 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the role of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in clinical practice.
6. Winter 2015 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksWhat is the therapeutic status of ACEIs?

Antianginal Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Winter 2024

1. Winter 2024 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss pathophysiology of stable angina and its Pharmacotherapy.
2. Winter 2019 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss recent advances in the treatment of coronary artery disease.
3. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksCytoprotective agents in angina pectoris.

Antihypertensives

PharmaNotes Pro chapter9 questions · asked in 9 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksCombination therapy in essential hypertension.
2. Summer 2022 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksStatus of potassium channel openers.
3. Winter 2022 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the recent advances in the treatment of hypertension.
4. Summer 2021 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksClassify vasodilators. Discuss their mechanism of action and therapeutic uses with rationale.
5. Winter 2021 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksWrite briefly on potassium channel openers.
6. Winter 2019 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksManagement of Hypertensive urgency and emergency.
7. Winter 2018 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the present and future status of drugs useful in Hypertension.
8. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksClassify Vasodilators. Explain their mechanisms of action. Discuss their therapeutic uses with rationale.
9. Winter 2015 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacology of potassium channel openers.

Calcium Channel Blockers

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2022

1. Summer 2022 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the role of Calcium channel blockers in cardio-vascular disorders.

Pharmacotherapy of Heart Failure

PharmaNotes Pro chapter7 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of congestive cardiac failure.
2. Winter 2024 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksRole of sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLT) -2 inhibitors in heart failure.
3. Winter 2023 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksNewer targets for treatment of congestive heart failure.
4. Summer 2019 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksDiscuss the rationale for the use of various agents in congestive cardiac failure.
5. Summer 2018 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe in details current status of newer vasodilators and inotropic drugs in advanced heart failure.
6. Summer 2016 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksRole of vasodilators in congestive heart failure.
7. Summer 2016 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the present status in the management of congestive heart failure.

Antiarrhythmic Drugs and the Vaughan-Williams Classification

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2019

1. Winter 2019 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe pharmacotherapy of cardiac arrhythmias.
2. Summer 2014 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksClassify Antiarrhythmic drugs. Discuss merits and demerits of class III antiarrhythmics.

Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Winter 2024

1. Winter 2024 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksEndothelin receptor antagonist.
2. Summer 2023 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksDiscuss therapeutic status of Endothelin receptor antagonists.
3. Winter 2019 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksWrite a short note on endothelin receptor antagonists.
4. Summer 2015 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksWrite briefly about "Endothelin receptor antagonists".

Pharmacotherapy of Pulmonary Hypertension

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2021

1. Summer 2021 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksOutline Pharmacotherapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
2. Winter 2014 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksPharmacotherapy of pulmonary hypertension.

Nitric Oxide

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Winter 2018

1. Winter 2018 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksNitric Oxide.

Oral Anticoagulants — NOACs, Antiplatelets & Fibrinolytics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter19 questions · asked in 14 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksDiscuss the pharmacological basis of prescribing anti-platelet drugs in a patient of cardiovascular diseases.
2. Summer 2024 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the pharmacology of anticoagulants.
3. Winter 2024 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss recent advances in anticoagulation therapy.
4. Summer 2022 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksAnti-Platelet agents.
5. Summer 2022 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksAdvances in drugs for bleeding disorders.
6. Winter 2022 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the pharmacology of drugs used to maintain the fluidity and flow of blood.
7. Summer 2021 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe the pharmacology of newer parenteral and oral anticoagulants.
8. Winter 2021 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksDescribe anti-platelet drugs.
9. Winter 2021 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksPlasminogen activator inhibitors.
10. Winter 2021 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of disorders of coagulation.
11. Winter 2021 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksThrombolytics and anti-coagulants : current status.
12. Summer 2019 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksWrite in brief about fibrinolytic agents.
13. Winter 2019 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksWrite in brief about pharmacology of antiplatelet agents.
14. Winter 2018 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksStyptics.
15. Summer 2017 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksNewer anticoagulants.
16. Summer 2016 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksThrombolytics and anticoagulants: current status.
17. Summer 2014 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksGive an account of drugs that modify the fluid state of blood.
18. Summer 2014 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the recent advances in the pharmacological treatment of disorders of coagulation.
19. Winter 2014 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss in detail the current status of thrombolytics and anticoagulants in various disorders.

Direct Thrombin Inhibitors

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksWhat is the role of Dabigatran in venous thromboembolism?
2. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksDirect thrombin inhibitors.

Statins & Pharmacotherapy of Dyslipidemia

PharmaNotes Pro chapter12 questions · asked in 10 sessions · latest Winter 2024

1. Winter 2024 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksPCSK9 inhibitors.
2. Summer 2021 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksWrite briefly about pleotropic effects of statins.
3. Summer 2021 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksDescribe pleiotropic effects of statins.
4. Winter 2020 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksElaborate various advantages of statin therapy.
5. Summer 2019 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksWrite briefly about statin pleiotropy.
6. Summer 2018 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksStatus of statins in management of dyslipidemias and neurological disorders.
7. Summer 2017 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss hypolipidemics and management of hyperlipidaemia.
8. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksHealth benefits of atorvastatin.
9. Summer 2016 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the therapeutic potential of hypolipaedemic agents.
10. Summer 2014 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksOmega-3 fatty acids- in drug therapy of Hyperlipidemias.
11. Winter 2014 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksGive the detail account of recent drugs for treatment of hyperlipidemias.
12. Winter 2014 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe recent advances in lipid lowering agents.

Immunomodulators

PharmaNotes Pro chapter19 questions · asked in 16 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksWrite a brief note on “Cytokine inhibitors”.
2. Summer 2026 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksDiscuss therapeutic status of "Levamisole" as immunostimulant.
3. Summer 2024 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksInterferon alpha
4. Summer 2024 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksImmunomodulators, its status in clinical practice
5. Winter 2024 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksImmunomodulator and their clinical utility.
6. Summer 2023 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksWrite a note on Thalidomide.
7. Summer 2023 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksWhat is status of interferons in clinical practice?
8. Winter 2023 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksBiological agents used in autoimmune diseases.
9. Summer 2022 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksWhat is the role of Thalidomide in clinical practice?
10. Winter 2022 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksImmunomodulators in therapy.
11. Summer 2021 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksDescribe the present status of Thalidomide.
12. Winter 2021 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksImmunomodulators.
13. Winter 2020 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksImmunomodulators and their importance in clinical practice.
14. Summer 2019 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksWrite in brief about clinical status of immunomodulators.
15. Winter 2019 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksWrite a short note on immunomodulators.
16. Summer 2018 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksStatus of Immunomodulators and their role in multi drug resistant tuberculosis.
17. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksWrite in brief about Immunomodulators.
18. Summer 2016 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksImmunomodulators and their importance in clinical practice.
19. Winter 2014 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksImmunostimulants-immunosuppressants and their current status.

Calcineurin Inhibitors & Immunosuppressants

PharmaNotes Pro chapter7 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksImmunosuppression in organ transplantation.
2. Winter 2025 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksImmunosuppressive drugs.
3. Summer 2023 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksDiscuss Calcineurin inhibitors.
4. Summer 2020 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksImmunosuppressants.
5. Summer 2017 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss use of immunosuppressants after organ transplantation.
6. Summer 2017 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksRecent advances in Immuno-suppressive therapy.
7. Winter 2015 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacology of immunosuppressants.

Rheumatoid Arthritis Pharmacotherapy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of Rheumatoid arthritis.
2. Summer 2023 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksDiscuss TNF alpha inhibitors and their therapeutic potential.
3. Winter 2021 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe the pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis with emphasis on recent advances.

Vaccines & Immunoglobulins

PharmaNotes Pro chapter9 questions · asked in 9 sessions · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksAdult Immunization.
2. Summer 2024 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksRecent advances in vaccine therapy
3. Winter 2023 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksNewer Vaccines.
4. Summer 2022 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksVaccines in the pipeline.
5. Winter 2022 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksGenetic engineering in vaccine development.
6. Winter 2020 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksNewer vaccines.
7. Summer 2016 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksAdverse effects of Vaccines.
8. Summer 2015 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksWrite a note on "Human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine."
9. Winter 2015 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksCompare Tetanus toxoid versus Tetanus immunoglobulin.

Eicosanoids — Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes

PharmaNotes Pro chapter8 questions · asked in 8 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksTherapeutic uses of Prostaglandins.
2. Summer 2025 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksClinical ulility of prostaglandin analogues.
3. Winter 2024 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksDrugs used for medical termination of pregnancy and management of postpartum hemorrhage.
4. Winter 2021 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe the role of prostaglandins in therapy.
5. Summer 2020 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksProstaglandin analogues.
6. Winter 2020 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksTherapeutic uses of prostaglandins.
7. Winter 2019 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksWrite in brief about role of leukotrienes and drugs acting on it.
8. Winter 2018 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksClinical uses of prostaglandin analogues.

NSAIDs & COX Inhibitors

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Winter 2024

1. Winter 2024 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksStatus of COX-2 Inhibitors.
2. Summer 2023 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksDiscuss ocular uses of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
3. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksCyclooxygenase-II inhibitors.

Pharmacotherapy of Gout & Hyperuricemia

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2022

1. Summer 2022 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of gout giving rationale.
2. Summer 2020 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksPharmacotherapy of Gout.

H1 Antihistamines

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Summer 2015

1. Summer 2015 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksDescribe the misuse of antihistamines.
2. Summer 2014 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksSecond generation anti-histaminics.
3. Winter 2014 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksBepotastine in allergic disorders.

Bronchial Asthma

PharmaNotes Pro chapter17 questions · asked in 14 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe pharmacological management of bronchial asthma and write the advantages, precautions and side effects of inhalational therapy in bronchial asthma.
2. Summer 2026 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksRole of Omalizumab in asthma.
3. Winter 2024 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacological management of bronchial asthma.
4. Summer 2023 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksDescribe prophylactic agents for bronchial asthma.
5. Winter 2023 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksNewer advances in treatment of bronchial asthma.
6. Summer 2020 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksInhaled steroids in the treatment of bronchial asthma.
7. Winter 2020 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe the pharmacological management of bronchial asthma.
8. Summer 2019 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss recent advances in the treatment of bronchial asthma.
9. Summer 2018 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksRole of long acting beta agonists and leukotriene inhibitors in management of asthma and allergy.
10. Winter 2018 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksInhaled corticosteroids.
11. Winter 2018 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the recent advances in the treatment of bronchial asthma.
12. Summer 2017 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksInhaled steroids in treatment of Bronchial asthama.
13. Summer 2016 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe the pharmacological management of bronchial asthma.
14. Summer 2015 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksDescribe prophylactic uses of bronchodilators.
15. Summer 2014 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe pharmacotherapy of bronchial asthma.
16. Summer 2014 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksLeucotriene modulators.
17. Winter 2014 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksLong acting beta agonists in management of asthma.

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

PharmaNotes Pro chapter6 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksPhosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 inhibitors.
2. Winter 2022 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksDrugs and impotence.
3. Winter 2018 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksDrugs used for treatment of erectile dysfunction.
4. Winter 2018 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksPhosphodiesterase inhibitors in heart failure.
5. Summer 2015 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksDescribe drugs used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
6. Winter 2014 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksPhosphodiesterase inhibitors.

Pharmacotherapy of Cough

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2024

1. Summer 2024 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksNote on management of cough.

Antioxidants in Therapeutics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter7 questions · asked in 7 sessions · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksAnti-oxidant vitamins and their clinical utility.
2. Summer 2024 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksAnti-Oxidants in health and disease.
3. Summer 2020 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksWhat is the role of Antioxidants in clinical practice?
4. Winter 2020 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksDiscuss the role of anti-oxidants in health and disease.
5. Winter 2018 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksAntioxidants in therapeutics.
6. Summer 2015 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksWhat is the current status of antioxidant therapy ?
7. Summer 2014 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksAntioxidants in health and disease.

Haematopoietic Growth Factors & Agents

PharmaNotes Pro chapter6 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest 2023

1. Summer 2023 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksWrite a note on "Myeloid growth factors".
2. Winter 2023 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksHaemopoietic growth factors in anaemia.
3. Summer 2020 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksDescribe Megakaryocyte growth factors.
4. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksHaemopoietic growth factors.
5. Summer 2015 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksWrite a note on "Myeloid growth factors".
6. Summer 2014 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksErythropoietin.

Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2023

1. Winter 2023 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksVitamin B12
2. Summer 2016 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksVitamin B12 and folic acid.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2017 Suppl

1. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksDescribe in brief adverse effects of "Fat Soluble Vitamins".

Hypothalamic & Pituitary Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter8 questions · asked in 7 sessions · latest 2023

1. Summer 2023 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksWrite in brief about Vasopressin analogues.
2. Winter 2023 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacology of Somatostatin, GNRH and their antagonists. Write their clinical applications.
3. Winter 2020 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksWrite briefly on Vasopressin analogues.
4. Summer 2018 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksRecent drugs in treatment of Hyperprolactinemia.
5. Winter 2015 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksDiscuss Prolactin inhibitors.
6. Winter 2015 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksWrite pharmacology of Desmopressin.
7. Summer 2014 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksClinical uses of synthetic GnRH analogues.
8. Winter 2014 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksDrug therapy for hyperprolactinemia.

Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2020

1. Summer 2020 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksDiscuss the scope of Vaptans in therapeutics.
2. Summer 2015 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe the pharmacology of vasopressin receptor agonists and antagonists.

Antithyroid Drugs & Radioactive Iodine

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Winter 2018

1. Winter 2018 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of goitre.
2. Summer 2017 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksAdvances in Treatment of Thyroid disorders.
3. Winter 2015 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe mechanisms of action of anti-thyroid agents with their adverse effects.

Drug Therapy of Hypothyroidism

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2019

1. Winter 2019 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksOutline the drug treatment of thyroid dysfunction.
2. Winter 2014 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksDrug therapy of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism.

Oral Contraceptives & HRT

PharmaNotes Pro chapter10 questions · asked in 7 sessions · latest Summer 2024

1. Summer 2024 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksCurrent status of Hormone replacement therapy(HRT) in post-menopausal woman.
2. Summer 2020 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe in detail on hormonal contraceptives.
3. Winter 2019 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss recent developments in the field of contraception.
4. Summer 2018 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksDescribe hormonal contraceptives, their current status : efficacy and safety.
5. Summer 2018 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the recent developments in the field of contraception.
6. Summer 2017 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksCurrent Status of HRT in post-menopausal women.
7. Summer 2015 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksDiscuss hormone replacement therapy and its status.
8. Summer 2015 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksOutline drug treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.
9. Winter 2014 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksAntiprogestins: Mechanism of action and contraceptive potentials.
10. Winter 2014 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksPost coital contraception.

SERMs, SERDs & Tocolytics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter7 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksDefine selective estrogen receptor modulators. Discuss their therapeutic implications.
2. Winter 2022 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksSelective estrogen receptor modulators.
3. Summer 2021 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss therapeutic uses of selective oestrogen receptor modulators.
4. Summer 2019 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksSelective estrogen receptors modulators.
5. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksSelective estrogen receptor modulators.
6. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksSelective estrogen receptor modulators.
7. Winter 2015 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksWrite in brief on "selective estrogen receptor modulators".

Estrogens and Progestins

PharmaNotes Pro chapter5 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Summer 2023

1. Summer 2023 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss recent advances in the management of endometriosis.
2. Summer 2017 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacology of female sex hormones, their analogs and drugs acting on or modifying their receptors.
3. Winter 2015 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksDescribe drugs used for medical termination of pregnancy.
4. Winter 2015 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksWrite a note on Mifepristone.
5. Summer 2014 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksAntiprogestins.

Pharmacotherapy of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

PharmaNotes Pro chapter5 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksPharmacotherapy of Benign prostatic hyperplasia.
2. Winter 2018 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksAlpha blockers in benign hypertrophy of prostate.
3. Summer 2017 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksDrug treatment Benign prostatic hyperplasia.
4. Summer 2016 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksPharmacotherapy of prostate enlargement.
5. Summer 2015 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksOutline drug therapy of benign hypertrophy of prostate.

Androgens, Anabolic Steroids & Antiandrogens

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2022

1. Summer 2022 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksDescribe drugs used for androgenetic alopecia.
2. Winter 2020 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksDiscuss pharmacology of anabolic steroids.

Corticosteroids — Non-endocrine Uses & Long-term Effects

PharmaNotes Pro chapter6 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest Summer 2024

1. Summer 2024 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksTopical use of steroids
2. Summer 2022 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksCorticosteroids in dermatological practice.
3. Summer 2022 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksAntagonists and synthesis inhibitors of glucocorticoids.
4. Summer 2019 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksDescribe in brief about clinical relevance of hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis.
5. Winter 2019 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksWrite briefly on nonendocrine uses of corticosteroids.
6. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksIndications with examples and precautions for "Topical glucocorticoids".

Newer Oral Antidiabetics & SGLT2 Inhibitors

PharmaNotes Pro chapter14 questions · asked in 13 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss recent advances in treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
2. Winter 2024 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus.
3. Winter 2022 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksMechanism of actions of various Oral antidiabetic agents.
4. Winter 2021 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksDescribe recent advances in the drug treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Discuss the basis and status.
5. Summer 2020 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus.
6. Winter 2020 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the role of sodium-glucose-co-transporter 2 inhibitors and its therapeutic potentials in type-2 diabetes mellitus.
7. Summer 2019 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksDiscuss incretin based therapy for the management of diabetes mellitus.
8. Winter 2019 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss newer drugs in management of type II diabetes mellitus.
9. Winter 2019 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksWrite briefly on incretin based therapy for management of diabetes mellitus.
10. Summer 2018 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe the recent drug therapy for type II diabetes mellitus. Describe the pharmacology of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors and their current status.
11. Summer 2017 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss Pharmacotherapeutic options as an add on therapy to Metformin in a case of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
12. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksDipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors.
13. Summer 2016 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe recent advances in drug therapy of Diabetes Mellitus. Discuss the basis and status of the same.
14. Summer 2015 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the recent advances in the understanding and management of diabetes mellitus.

Insulin & Diabetic Emergencies

PharmaNotes Pro chapter6 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksWrite in brief about Amylin analogues.
2. Summer 2025 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksDesign insulin.
3. Winter 2022 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksNew insulin preparations and delivery systems.
4. Summer 2020 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksNewer insulin preparations.
5. Winter 2018 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksInsulin delivery system: present trends and future directives.
6. Winter 2014 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksModern designer insulin.

Obesity Pharmacotherapy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter6 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Winter 2024

1. Winter 2024 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksPharmacotherapy of obesity.
2. Winter 2021 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksDiscuss status of anorexiants in treatment of obesity.
3. Summer 2016 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksPharmacological management of obesity.
4. Summer 2015 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe pharmacotherapy of obesity.
5. Summer 2014 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksStatus of currently available AntiObesity drugs.
6. Winter 2014 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksRecent advances in drug therapy for obesity.

Insulin Sensitizers

PharmaNotes Pro chapter5 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Summer 2022

1. Summer 2022 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksWrite in brief about insulin sensitizers.
2. Summer 2021 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksDiscuss pharmacology of Thiazolidinediones.
3. Winter 2021 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksGlitazones.
4. Winter 2021 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksInsulin resistance.
5. Summer 2015 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksWrite briefly on "insulin sensitizers".

Bisphosphonates

PharmaNotes Pro chapter11 questions · asked in 9 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksDiscuss treatment of osteoporosis.
2. Summer 2026 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss recent advances in the treatment of osteoporosis.
3. Winter 2025 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksDiscuss the current approaches in the management of osteoporosis.
4. Summer 2024 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksDrugs used for osteoporosis
5. Winter 2022 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the current status and future prospects of treatment of bone diseases.
6. Summer 2021 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksWrite a short note on bisphosphonates.
7. Summer 2021 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksWrite in brief about Bisphosphonates.
8. Winter 2021 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksBiphosphonates.
9. Summer 2019 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the pathophysiology & treatment of osteoporosis.
10. Winter 2019 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksNon-hormonal agents affecting calcium homeostasis.
11. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis.

Vitamin D — Pharmacology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2020

1. Summer 2020 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksPharmacology of Vitamin-D.

Peptic Ulcer Disease — Anti-ulcer Drugs, H. pylori & GERD

PharmaNotes Pro chapter13 questions · asked in 12 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcer.
2. Summer 2026 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the pharmacology of “Anti-H. pylori” drugs.
3. Summer 2024 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease. Discuss the drugs giving their therapeutic basis and rationale.
4. Winter 2024 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksPharmacotherapy of H Pylori Infection.
5. Summer 2023 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksDescribe role of bismuth salts in peptic ulcer disease.
6. Winter 2021 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksTrends in the management of H. pylori induced gastritis.
7. Summer 2020 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksRole of proton pump inhibitors in the treatment of peptic ulcer.
8. Summer 2018 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marks"Prescribing proton pump inhibitors", is it time to pause and rethink ? Explain.
9. Winter 2018 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the pharmacotherapy of acid peptic disease.
10. Summer 2017 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksProton Pump Inhibitors.
11. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksRationale and therapeutic basis in treatment of peptic ulcer.
12. Summer 2014 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe the pharmacotherapy of acid peptic disease.
13. Winter 2014 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksNewer long acting proton pump inhibitors and their current status.

Antiemetics and Prokinetic Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter9 questions · asked in 8 sessions · latest Summer 2024

1. Summer 2024 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksProkinetic agents
2. Summer 2024 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksManagement of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
3. Winter 2021 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksProkinetic drugs.
4. Summer 2020 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksDiscuss the pharmacology of prokinetic drugs.
5. Winter 2020 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the physiology and pharmacology of vomiting.
6. Summer 2019 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the physiology & pharmacotherapy of vomiting.
7. Winter 2019 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss physiology and pharmacotherapy of vomiting.
8. Summer 2018 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksDiscuss the various drug therapies in diabetic gastroparesis.
9. Winter 2018 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksDrug therapy of cancer chemotherapy induced vomiting.

Drug Therapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

PharmaNotes Pro chapter5 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Winter 2023

1. Winter 2023 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksAntisecretory drugs used in diarrhea.
2. Winter 2021 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksTreatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
3. Winter 2021 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksDescribe pharmacotherapy of Irritable bowel syndrome.
4. Summer 2020 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksWrite a note on Racecadotril.
5. Summer 2016 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksDrug therapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).

Laxatives & Purgatives

PharmaNotes Pro chapter5 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Summer 2023

1. Summer 2023 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of chronic constipation.
2. Summer 2023 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksDescribe pharmacology of "Chloride channel activators".
3. Summer 2022 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksOutline drugs used for opioid induced constipation with rationale.
4. Summer 2021 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksWrite in brief about misuse of purgatives.
5. Summer 2014 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksLaxatives in Ischemic heart disease.

Pharmacotherapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksWrite briefly about mesalamine-based therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
2. Winter 2025 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksPharmacotherapy of inflammatory bowel diseases.
3. Summer 2022 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of ulcerative colitis.

General Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter8 questions · asked in 8 sessions · latest 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksAntimicrobial stewardship Programme.
2. Winter 2025 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss prophylatic use of antimicrobials.
3. Summer 2024 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksDiscuss the use of antimicrobial drugs for prophylaxis
4. Summer 2020 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksAnti-pseudomonal antimicrobials.
5. Winter 2019 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksRational use of antibiotics.
6. Summer 2018 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksRational and irrational use of antibiotics and antibiotic policy.
7. Summer 2017 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksAnti-pseudomonal antibiotics.
8. Winter 2015 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksDescribe adverse effects of antibiotics.

Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance

PharmaNotes Pro chapter5 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Winter 2023

1. Winter 2023 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksResistance to the Beta-lactam antibiotics.
2. Winter 2023 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksGeneral principles for prevention of antimicrobial resistance.
3. Summer 2022 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the mechanism of action of Antibiotics and mechanism of development of bacterial resistance. Suggest the measures to reduce and overcome the incidence of resistance.
4. Summer 2021 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksWrite a short note on drug resistance.
5. Winter 2018 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents and measures to overcome it.

Rationale for Antimicrobial Combinations

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2016

1. Summer 2016 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksRationale for anti-microbial combinations.

Fluoroquinolones, Metronidazole & DHFR Inhibitors

PharmaNotes Pro chapter9 questions · asked in 9 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksDiscuss the current therapeutic status of metronidazole in different diseases.
2. Winter 2023 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of Urinary tract infections.
3. Summer 2022 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksWrite a note on urinary antiseptics.
4. Winter 2021 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksDrugs for anaerobic infections.
5. Winter 2020 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksDiscuss drug therapy of anaerobic infections.
6. Summer 2019 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksElaborate drug treatment of anaerobic infections.
7. Winter 2019 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksDiscuss the drug treatment of anaerobic infections.
8. Summer 2018 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksFluoroquinolones in community acquired pneumonia.
9. Summer 2017 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksPharmacotherapy of urinary tract infection : present status.

Penicillins and Cell-Wall-Synthesis Inhibitors

PharmaNotes Pro chapter6 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Summer 2024

1. Summer 2024 · Paper II · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the pharmacology of Beta-lactam antibiotics.
2. Summer 2021 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksWrite briefly about antipseudomonal penicillins.
3. Winter 2019 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksMonobactams and Carbapenems.
4. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss antimicrobial agents which act by interfering in cell wall synthesis.
5. Summer 2015 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksWrite a note on Carbapenems.
6. Winter 2014 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksCarbapenems and their current status.

Cephalosporins

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksFourth and fifth generation cephalosporins.
2. Winter 2018 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksCephalosporins past and present.
3. Summer 2016 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksFifth generation cephalosporins and their current status.
4. Summer 2015 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksDiscuss past and present status of Cephalosporins.

Newer Antibacterial Agents

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2018

1. Summer 2018 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksRecent developments in the field of antistaphylococcal agents.
2. Summer 2018 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksWrite in brief about newer tetracyclines.

Macrolides, Ketolides & Streptogramins

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2020

1. Summer 2020 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksWrite pharmacology of Ketolides as antimicrobial agents.

Antifungal Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksWrite a note on antifungal drugs used in ocular disorders.
2. Summer 2019 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksWrite a short note on topical antifungal agents.
3. Winter 2019 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksWrite a short note on newer antifungal agents.

Antiviral Drugs (Non-retroviral)

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2018

1. Summer 2018 · Paper IV · Q3c · 10 marksDescribe pharmacology of Oseltamivir.
2. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksDrug treatment of H1N1 influenza.

COVID-19 Pharmacotherapy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksRole of corticosteroids in COVID-19.

Direct-Acting Antivirals (Hepatitis C & B)

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksDiscuss recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of Hepatitis B and C infection.

Antiretroviral Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter7 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Winter 2024

1. Winter 2024 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksNon-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
2. Winter 2024 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksRecent advances in management of HIV infection.
3. Summer 2023 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe recent advances in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
4. Winter 2021 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksDescribe the current advances in the development of new antiretroviral drugs.
5. Winter 2018 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksPharmacotherapy of HIV-current trends and future prospects.
6. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe recent advances in antiretroviral therapy.
7. Winter 2015 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksWrite a note on "Non nucleoside reserve transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)".

Antitubercular Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter12 questions · asked in 11 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksPreventive treatment for tuberculosis.
2. Summer 2024 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe the current trends in the treatment of Tuberculosis and drug resistant tuberculosis.
3. Winter 2024 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksManagement of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB).
4. Winter 2023 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksBedaquiline.
5. Winter 2022 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksChallenge of MDR tuberculosis and drugs.
6. Winter 2021 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksWrite a note on Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Tuberculosis.
7. Summer 2020 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksWrite a note on drug treatment of MDR-TB.
8. Winter 2020 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksRecent status and guidelines for the treatment of extensively drug resistant (XDR) tuberculosis.
9. Summer 2016 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksDrug treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
10. Summer 2014 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksPharmacological basis of combination of treatment therapy in pulmonary Tuberculosis.
11. Summer 2014 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksRecent status and guidelines for the treatment of XDR tuberculosis.
12. Winter 2014 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksTreatment of MDR-TB.

Antileprotic Drugs (Leprosy)

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2024

1. Summer 2024 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the drugs used in treatment of Leprosy with special reference in recent advances.
2. Summer 2017 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksCurrent status of standard and alternative MDT regimes in leprosy.
3. Summer 2017 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the drugs used in treatment of Leprosy with special reference to recent advances.

Antimalarial Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter12 questions · asked in 11 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksAdvantages of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for the treatment of malaria.
2. Summer 2025 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksPharmacotherapy of chloroquine sensitive/resistant falciparun malaria.
3. Summer 2023 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksDescribe artemisinin based combination therapy for malaria.
4. Winter 2023 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksStatus of Artemisinin in management of various malarial presentations.
5. Winter 2023 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of Malaria.
6. Winter 2022 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksGive an account of recent advances in the management of Malaria. Add a note on interactions of the drug used.
7. Summer 2021 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksWrite a note on Artemisinins.
8. Winter 2019 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksWrite briefly on newer antimalarials.
9. Summer 2017 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksDrug treatment of chloroquine resistant malaria.
10. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of malaria emphasizing Chloroquine-resistant malaria.
11. Summer 2015 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss drug therapy of chloroquine resistant malaria.
12. Winter 2015 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe role of artemisinin-based combination therapy in falciparum malaria.

Antiprotozoal Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2023

1. Summer 2023 · Paper IV · Q3a · 10 marksWhat is the role of Nitazoxanide in gastrointestinal infections?
2. Summer 2021 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksOutline the drug treatment of intestinal amoebiasis.

Chelation Therapy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter9 questions · asked in 9 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksWrite a brief note on chelating agents used for heavy metal poisoning.
2. Summer 2025 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksDiscuss Chelating agents used for management of iron poisoning.
3. Winter 2025 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksIron chelation therapy.
4. Winter 2022 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksMercurial intoxication and its management.
5. Summer 2021 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksWrite about current therapy of chronic iron overload.
6. Winter 2020 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksWrite in brief about chelating agents and their role in heavy metal poisoning.
7. Winter 2018 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksDiscuss the role of chelating agents in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning.
8. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksDiscuss role of "Chelating agents" in treatment of heavy metal poisoning.
9. Winter 2015 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksDescribe drug therapy of iron poisoning.

Anthelmintic Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2023

1. Winter 2023 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksAlbendazole as broad-spectrum anthelminthic agent.
2. Winter 2023 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksIvermectin
3. Winter 2022 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksHelminthic infestations and drugs for their cure.

Anticancer Drugs: Classification and Principles

PharmaNotes Pro chapter6 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksDescribe the clinical significance of apoptosis. Discuss the mechanism of action of drugs modifying apoptosis.
2. Winter 2025 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of cancer.
3. Winter 2023 · Paper II · Q3f · 10 marksChemotherapeutic approach to Hodgkin's lymphoma.
4. Summer 2022 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksWrite an update on treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia.
5. Summer 2020 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of cancer.
6. Summer 2019 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksTabulate mechanism of action of various anticancer agents with examples.

Management of Anticancer Drug Toxicity

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Summer 2021

1. Summer 2021 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksWrite briefly on general toxicity of cytotoxic drugs.
2. Summer 2017 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksManagement of toxicity due to anticancer drugs.
3. Winter 2015 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksDescribe adverse effects of anticancer agents.

Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Chemotherapy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Winter 2024

1. Winter 2024 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksTyrosine kinase inhibitors.
2. Winter 2022 · Paper II · Q3e · 10 marksPharmacological approach to Chronic myelogenous leukaemia.
3. Summer 2014 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksTargated antimalignant drugs.

Monoclonal Antibodies & Immunotherapy in Cancer

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper IV · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss recent advances in therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies.
2. Winter 2020 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksWrite a note on monoclonal antibodies in clinical practice.

Hormonal Agents in Cancer Therapy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Summer 2021

1. Summer 2021 · Paper II · Q3d · 10 marksWrite briefly on clinical uses of hormonal antagonists.
2. Summer 2016 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksTherapeutic status of corticosteroids in malignancy.
3. Summer 2015 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksDescribe therapeutic status of corticosteroids in malignancy.

Hormonal Management of Breast Cancer

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2018

1. Winter 2018 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksHormonal management of breast cancer: current trends.
2. Winter 2014 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of carcinoma of breast.

Ocular Pharmacology & Glaucoma

PharmaNotes Pro chapter12 questions · asked in 11 sessions · latest 2024

1. Summer 2024 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksRole of autonomic agents in ocular diagnosis and treatment
2. Winter 2024 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksDrug delivery strategies used in ocular diseases.
3. Summer 2022 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksWrite a note on "Ocular uses of dyes".
4. Summer 2020 · Paper II · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the various drugs used in the treatment of glaucoma.
5. Summer 2020 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksDrug treatment of Glaucoma.
6. Summer 2019 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksWrite in short on the scope of occular pharmacology.
7. Summer 2018 · Paper III · Q1 · 25 marksGive the detail account of drugs and current strategies for treatment of glaucoma.
8. Winter 2018 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksDiscuss role of Alpha adrenergic agonists in glaucoma.
9. Summer 2017 · Paper IV · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss in detail with recent advances of drug therapy of non-infective conditions of the eye.
10. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksPharmacotherapy of Glaucoma.
11. Summer 2016 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe in detail pharmacotherapy of glaucoma.
12. Winter 2015 · Paper III · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe therapeutic uses and adverse effects of ocular antihypertensives.

Pharmacotherapy of Psoriasis

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Summer 2023

1. Summer 2023 · Paper II · Q3b · 10 marksOutline drug treatment of psoriasis.
2. Summer 2021 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksRetinoids in dermatopharmacology.
3. Winter 2015 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksDiscuss drug treatment of psoriasis.

Antiseptics & Disinfectants

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Winter 2023

1. Winter 2023 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksDisinfectants

Student t-Test in Biostatistics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter12 questions · asked in 12 sessions · latest 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksDiscuss parametric statistical tests.
2. Winter 2026 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksDiscuss the Parametric tests
3. Summer 2024 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksStudents 't' test
4. Summer 2022 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksDiscuss applications of 't' test in drug research.
5. Summer 2021 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksWrite briefly on applications & limitations of parametric statistical tests.
6. Summer 2020 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksStudent's 't' test.
7. Summer 2018 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksStudent's 't' test.
8. Summer 2017 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksStudent's "t" Test.
9. Summer 2015 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksDescribe applications and limitations of "Parametric Statistical Tests".
10. Winter 2015 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksDiscuss "Parametric statistical tests".
11. Summer 2014 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksPaired t test.
12. Winter 2014 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksParametric tests of significance.

Screening Methods for Antihypertensive Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter9 questions · asked in 9 sessions · latest Winter 2026

1. Winter 2026 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the experimental methods for the evaluation of a potential antihypertensive drugs.
2. Winter 2024 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe experimental/preclinical and clinical evaluation for an investigational drug likely to be used in treatment of hypertension.
3. Winter 2022 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe the methods for evaluation of Anti-hypertensive drugs.
4. Winter 2021 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the experimental evaluation of anti hypertensive drugs.
5. Summer 2019 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe various clinical and experimental methods evaluation for studying antihypertensive activity of a drug.
6. Winter 2018 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksEnumerate and describe the various clinical and experimental methods for evaluation of anti-hypertensive drugs.
7. Summer 2017 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksEnumerate, describe and compare various experimental and clinical methods used for evaluation of anti-hypertensive agents.
8. Summer 2014 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss methods of experimental and clinical evaluation of anti hypertensive drugs.
9. Winter 2014 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe the methods of experimental and clinical evaluation of a new antihypertensive drug.

Declaration of Helsinki and Ethical Principles in Research

PharmaNotes Pro chapter7 questions · asked in 7 sessions · latest 2022

1. Summer 2022 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksWrite in brief about research fraud & misconduct.
2. Winter 2022 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksPrinciples of Bioethics.
3. Summer 2021 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksDiscuss importance of conflict of interest in medical research.
4. Summer 2020 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksEthical guidelines in a clinical trial.
5. Winter 2019 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksWrite briefly on research fraud and misconduct.
6. Summer 2018 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss ethical issues related to clinical trials and describe the role of placebo in clinical trials.
7. Summer 2016 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksWrite in detail about ethical issues in drug research.

Drugs in Pregnancy & Lactation

PharmaNotes Pro chapter5 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksWrite a note on the use of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy.
2. Summer 2024 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksDrug induced teratogenicity
3. Summer 2022 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksDiscuss use of antihypertensive agents in pregnancy.
4. Summer 2022 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksPharmacokinetics in pregnancy.
5. Summer 2017 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksTeratogenicity.

Non-parametric Tests

PharmaNotes Pro chapter5 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest Winter 2024

1. Winter 2024 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksNon-parametric Statistical Test.
2. Winter 2021 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksNon parametric tests.
3. Winter 2020 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss in detail about various parametric and non-parametric tests used in animal and clinical research giving suitable justifications.
4. Winter 2019 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksWrite a short note on nonparametric tests.
5. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksNon parametric tests of significance.

P-drugs & Rational Prescribing

PharmaNotes Pro chapter5 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest 2021

1. Summer 2021 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksDiscuss pros and cons of prescribing drugs by generic names.
2. Winter 2021 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksRational pharmacotherapy.
3. Summer 2015 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksDiscuss pros and cons of prescribing drugs by generic names.
4. Winter 2015 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksDescribe concept of 'P' drugs and its importance.
5. Winter 2014 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marks'P' drug concept.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in Pharmacology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Winter 2024

1. Winter 2024 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksPrinciple of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and its clinical utility.
2. Winter 2023 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksHigh performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), its principle and utility in clinical Pharmacology.
3. Summer 2022 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksWrite a short note on HPLC.
4. Winter 2015 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksDiscuss principle and clinical utility of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

Phases of Clinical Trials in Drug Development

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksDiscuss the various phases of clinical evaluation of a new drug candidate.
2. Summer 2024 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksMulticentric trials
3. Winter 2018 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksPhase III and phase IV Clinical trial-discuss schedule Y.
4. Summer 2017 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDefine clinical trials and discuss phase O (micro dosing), phase I, phase II, Phase III, phase IV, and phase V of clinical trials.

Screening of Antianginal Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest 2023

1. Summer 2023 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe the various methods for evaluating the anti-anginal activity of a drug in experimental animals and humans.
2. Winter 2023 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe the various experimental and clinical methods for evaluation of Anti-Anginal agents.
3. Winter 2020 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe various experimental and clinical methods used for evaluation of a new anti-anginal drug.
4. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe various clinical and experimental methods for evaluation of anti-anginal drugs.

Alternatives to Animal Experiments

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Summer 2024

1. Summer 2024 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksAlternatives of animal experiments.
2. Winter 2018 · Paper IV · Q3f · 10 marksRecent advances in alternatives to animal experimentation in pharmacology.
3. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksComputer assisted learning in pharmacology.

Geriatric Pharmacology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksPrinciples of drug use in geriatric population.
2. Winter 2024 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksPrinciple of drug use in geriatrics.
3. Winter 2023 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksPrecautions required in Geriatric prescriptions.

Informed Consent in Clinical Research

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Summer 2024

1. Summer 2024 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksInformed consent
2. Winter 2022 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksTypes of Consents in clinical studies.
3. Summer 2021 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksComment on children as research participants in clinical trials.

P-value and Statistical Significance

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Winter 2023

1. Winter 2023 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksStatistics in clinical trials.
2. Winter 2018 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksDescribe the role and scope of biostatistics in clinical trials, with significance and importance of various statistical tests.
3. Summer 2016 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksExplain the interpretation of "p-value" in statistical analysis.

Placebo & the Placebo Effect

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Winter 2026

1. Winter 2026 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksRole of Placebo in clinical trials.
2. Summer 2015 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksDescribe the role of placebo in therapeutics.
3. Summer 2014 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksPlacebo and nocebo.

Screening Methods for Anti-inflammatory & Analgesic Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe preclinical evaluation of Investigational drug likely to have anti-inflammatory property.
2. Summer 2015 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksCritically describe the methods used for preclinical evaluation of analgesic drugs.
3. Winter 2015 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe the various experimental and clinical methods for evaluation of anti inflammatory drugs.

Surrogate Markers in Clinical Trials

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksSurrogate markers in clinical trials.
2. Winter 2020 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksSurrogate markers in clinical trials.
3. Winter 2014 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksSurrogate markers in clinical trials.

CONSORT Statement & Trial Reporting

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2022

1. Summer 2022 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksDescribe clinical trial report in brief.
2. Winter 2019 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksWrite in brief about clinical trial report writing.

ELISA and Immunoassays

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2026

1. Winter 2026 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksEnzyme linked immune-sorbent assay.
2. Summer 2019 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksEnzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay.

Flame Photometry in Analytical Pharmacology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2019

1. Winter 2019 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksWrite a short note on photometric methods.
2. Summer 2018 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksSpectrophotometry.

Laboratory Animals in Pharmacology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2022

1. Winter 2022 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksGuinea pig as an experimental animal.
2. Summer 2016 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksCompare rabbit and rat as experimental animals.

Pediatric Pharmacology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksPrinciples of drug use in pediatric population.
2. Summer 2016 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksIssues and challenges in paediatric prescribing.

Screening Methods for Antidiabetic Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Summer 2024

1. Summer 2024 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss the experimental evaluation of an antidiabetic drug.
2. Summer 2016 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe preclinical evaluation of a drug claimed to useful in type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Telemedicine

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Winter 2020

1. Winter 2020 · Paper IV · Q3d · 10 marksTelemedicine.
2. Summer 2016 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksWrite a note on "Online pharmacies".

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Winter 2022

1. Winter 2022 · Paper I · Q3c · 10 marksApplication of ANOVA in pharmacological research.

Biomarkers in Drug Development

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2015

1. Summer 2015 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksWrite a note on Biomarkers.

Blinding, Randomization & Allocation Concealment in Clinical Trials

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Winter 2025

1. Winter 2025 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksWhat is randomization. Write various methods for randomization and its Significance in clinical trials.

Chi-square Test

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2019

1. Summer 2019 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksChi-square test.

Crossover Study Designs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2017 Suppl

1. Summer 2017 Suppl · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksCrossover study designs.

Drugs in Renal Failure

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2020

1. Summer 2020 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksDrug use in a patient of renal insufficiency.

Euthanasia in Experimental Animals

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2019

1. Summer 2019 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksEuthanasia in experimental animals.

New Drugs & Clinical Trials Rules, 2019

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Winter 2020

1. Winter 2020 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksCompensation issues in clinical trials.

Questionnaires in Drug Evaluation

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Winter 2018

1. Winter 2018 · Paper I · Q3d · 10 marksRole of questionnaire in drug evaluation.

Sample Size Determination

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksWhat is the significance of sample size in biomedical research? Give the methods to calculate sample size using an appropriate hypothetical example.

Screening Methods for Anti-Asthmatic Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2021

1. Summer 2021 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDescribe the various methods used for evaluation of anti-asthma drugs.

Screening Methods for Anti-Ulcer Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2018

1. Summer 2018 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDescribe various experimental evaluation methods for studying drugs effective in peptic ulcer.

Screening Methods for Antiepileptic Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper I · Q2 · 25 marksDiscuss the methods for preclinical evaluation of the antiepileptic activity of a new molecule.

Screening Methods for Antifertility Agents

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2022

1. Summer 2022 · Paper I · Q1 · 25 marksDiscuss experimental & clinical methods of evaluation of anti fertility agents.

Screening of Antihyperlipidemic Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper I · Q3b · 10 marksOutline the evaluation of a lead compound for its hypolipidemic activity in animal models.

Transgenic Animals & Animal Models of Disease

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Summer 2025

1. Summer 2025 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksDefine the term 'transgenic animals' Elaborate on their use in drug research.

Miscellaneous

No chapter link yet13 questions · asked in 10 sessions · latest 2026

1. Summer 2026 · Paper III · Q3f · 10 marksWrite a note on drugs used in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
2. Winter 2026 · Paper I · Q3e · 10 marksDrugs used as Diagnostic agents
3. Summer 2023 · Paper III · Q3c · 10 marksWrite a note on "Demelanizing agents".
4. Winter 2021 · Paper I · Q3a · 10 marksWrite in brief about drugs used as diagnostic agents.
5. Summer 2020 · Paper I · Q3f · 10 marksApoptosis.
6. Winter 2020 · Paper III · Q3b · 10 marksTreatment of acne.
7. Winter 2020 · Paper IV · Q3b · 10 marksIntellectual Property Rights.
8. Winter 2018 · Paper II · Q3c · 10 marksPsychotomimetic drugs.
9. Summer 2017 · Paper III · Q3a · 10 marksDiagnostic uses of drugs.
10. Summer 2017 · Paper III · Q3e · 10 marksDrug treatment of scabies.
11. Summer 2015 · Paper III · Q3d · 10 marksWrite about drug therapy of pediculosis.
12. Winter 2015 · Paper II · Q3a · 10 marksWrite in brief on "Parenteral nutrition supplements".
13. Winter 2015 · Paper IV · Q3e · 10 marksDescribe the role of Neuroprotectants in stroke therapy.

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