WBUHS MD Pharmacology Question Papers, 2007–2025

WBUHS · Most repeated

The 10 most-repeated WBUHS topics

Ranked by the number of the 19 sessions with at least one question on the topic. Only topics with a PharmaNotes Pro chapter are ranked. Past repetition describes these papers; it does not predict the next exam.

1. Laboratory Animals in Pharmacology

   asked in 15 of 19 sessions · 22 questions · latest Sep 2025 · see the questions

2. Receptor Concept & Drug-Receptor Interaction

   asked in 12 of 19 sessions · 17 questions · latest Dec 2024 · see the questions

3. Phases of Clinical Trials in Drug Development

   asked in 12 of 19 sessions · 17 questions · latest May 2023 · see the questions

4. Bioassay

   asked in 8 of 19 sessions · 10 questions · latest Dec 2024 · see the questions

5. Pharmacoepidemiology

   asked in 8 of 19 sessions · 9 questions · latest Sep 2025 · see the questions

6. Pharmacovigilance

   asked in 8 of 19 sessions · 9 questions · latest Dec 2024 · see the questions

7. General Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy

   asked in 7 of 19 sessions · 9 questions · latest Dec 2024 · see the questions

8. Newer Oral Antidiabetics & SGLT2 Inhibitors

   asked in 7 of 19 sessions · 8 questions · latest Jul 2021 · see the questions

9. New Drug Development & Approval Process

   asked in 6 of 19 sessions · 7 questions · latest Jul 2021 · see the questions

10. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in Pharmacology

    asked in 6 of 19 sessions · 7 questions · latest 2018 · see the questions

WBUHS · Every question

All 839 questions, by topic

Topics follow textbook order. A heading that links opens the PharmaNotes Pro chapter for that topic; questions not yet assigned to a chapter are listed under the textbook chapter they are filed in.

Animal Toxicity Studies

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Mar 2019

1. Mar 2019 · Paper 3 · Q8 · 10 marksRole of xenotoxicity in drug development.
2. 2013 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 20 marksGive a brief account of the Principle and methods for the testing of drug toxicity in animals
3. 2011 · Paper 3 · Q3d · 6 marksAmes test
4. 2009 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 20 marksDescribe the various stages and processes involved in Pre-clinical toxicity evaluation of a new clinical entity

Essential Medicines & Rational Drug Use

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest 2014

1. 2014 · Paper 4 · Q3e · 6 marksRationality of "Fair Price Medicine Shops" introduced in West Bengal, as model accepted nationally
2. 2013 · Paper 4 · Q4a · 7.5 marksAdvantages and disadvantages of prescribing medicines in generic name
3. May 2010 · Paper 4 · Q3c · 6 marksRational therapy
4. Apr 2008 · Paper 4 · Q4d · 7.5 marksPrinciples of Rational Drugs use

Gene Therapy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest 2017

1. 2017 · Paper 4 · Q7 · 10 marksComment on the challenges and prospects of stem cell therapy in India. Outline the status of stem cell based products in therapeutics
2. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q4d · 7.5 marksRecombinant DNA technology
3. Apr 2007 · Paper 1 · Q3d · 6 marksAntisense oligodeoxynucleotides.

Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS)

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest 2012

1. 2012 · Paper 4 · Q4c · 7.5 marksInfusion pump
2. 2011 · Paper 4 · Q3b · 6 marksMechano-pharmacological therapy: drug eluting endovascular stents
3. Apr 2008 · Paper 4 · Q3c · 6 marksDrug eluting stents

Structure-Activity Relationship & Computer-Aided Drug Design

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest May 2023

1. May 2023 · Paper 3 · Q5 · 10 marksBriefly state the applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in pharmacology.
2. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q3d · 6 marksBioinformatics.
3. 2009 · Paper 3 · Q4a · 7.5 marksBioinformatics and drug design

Biosimilars

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 4 · Q10 · 10 marksWrite a note on Biotechnology as a source of for future drugs.
2. Mar 2019 · Paper 1 · Q10 · 10 marksDiscuss some drugs evolved through Recombinant DNA technology.

Drug Repurposing

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Mar 2019

1. Mar 2019 · Paper 1 · Q3 · 10 marksCite examples of repurposing of already clinically used drugs.
2. 2017 · Paper 4 · Q6 · 10 marksBriefly comment on repurposing of old and existing drugs with suitable example

Liposomal Drug Delivery System

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Mar 2019

1. Mar 2019 · Paper 4 · Q6 · 10 marksLiposomal drug delivery system.

Orphan Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2011

1. 2011 · Paper 4 · Q3a · 6 marksOrphan drugs

Drug Discovery: From Medicinal Plants to Computer-Aided Drug Design

No chapter link yet39 questions · asked in 17 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 10 marksDiscuss the concept and relevance on drug repositioning.
2. Dec 2024 · Paper 1 · Q6 · 10 marksWhat is Orphan vaccine? Discuss in brief the challenges for the therapeutic uses of orphan drugs and orphan vaccine.
3. Dec 2024 · Paper 3 · Q3 · 10 marksDiscuss the importance of LD50.
4. Dec 2024 · Paper 3 · Q5 · 10 marksWrite on preclinical toxicity studies.
5. May 2023 · Paper 1 · Q5 · 10 marksWhat are biosimilars? State briefly the advantages of biosimilars over innovators?
6. May 2023 · Paper 1 · Q8 · 10 marksDiscuss National List of Essential Medicine.
7. May 2022 · Paper 1 · Q4 · 10 marksDiscuss the targeted drug delivery systems.
8. May 2022 · Paper 1 · Q10 · 10 marksWrite a short note on reverse pharmacology.
9. Jul 2021 · Paper 1 · Q3 · 10 marksDescribe the principles of Essential Medicines.
10. Jul 2021 · Paper 3 · Q4 · 10 marksDiscuss about toxicity studies for evaluation of a compound as a potential new drug.
11. Mar 2019 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 10 marksNano particle drug delivery system.
12. Mar 2019 · Paper 4 · Q7 · 10 marksDiscuss Biosimilars and their therapeutic implicaters.
13. 2018 · Paper 1 · Q10 · 10 marksWrite notes on "Drug nomenclature" and "essential drug concept".
14. 2018 · Paper 4 · Q7 · 10 marksDescribe briefly the use of nanoparticle in drug formulation.
15. 2017 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 10 marksDiscuss liposomal drug delivery system.
16. 2017 · Paper 3 · Q6 · 10 marksDescribe different methods of toxicity studies in evaluation of a new drug. Why we do not prefer to use "in bred" animals in toxicity studies.
17. 2017 · Paper 3 · Q8 · 10 marksWhat is Recombinant DNA technology? Name some medicinal agents manufactured by recombinant DNA technology.
18. 2016 · Paper 1 · Q4 · 10 marksNano particles in drug delivery system.
19. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q3a · 6 marksEssential medicine list for children.
20. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q3b · 6 marksEssential drugs.
21. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q3c · 6 marksTransdermal therapeutic use of drugs.
22. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 20 marksCritically discuss the role of animal toxicity in new drug development. Suggest alternatives to traditional animal toxicity testing.
23. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss briefly the experimental models for preclinical toxicity evaluation of a new chemical entity.
24. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q3a · 6 marksNanotechnology
25. 2014 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss various strategies of targeted drug delivery system.
26. 2013 · Paper 1 · Q4c · 7.5 marksNanoparticles in drug delivery.
27. 2013 · Paper 4 · Q4c · 7.5 marksNanoparticle drug formulation
28. 2012 · Paper 1 · Q3a · 6 marksOrphan drug.
29. 2012 · Paper 1 · Q4a · 7.5 marksRational use of drugs.
30. May 2010 · Paper 3 · Q3a · 6 marksImportance of animal toxicity studies
31. 2009 · Paper 1 · Q4a · 7.5 marksRole of nanoparticles in drug delivery.
32. 2009 · Paper 1 · Q4b · 7.5 marksGene therapy in pharmacotherapeutics.
33. Apr 2008 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 20 marksWrite an essay on Newer Drug Delivery Systems.
34. Apr 2008 · Paper 1 · Q3d · 6 marksQuantitative structure - Activity Relationship (QSAR).
35. Apr 2008 · Paper 1 · Q4d · 7.5 marksTeratogenicity with drugs.
36. Apr 2007 · Paper 1 · Q4a · 7.5 marksCurrent status on 'gene therapy'.
37. Apr 2007 · Paper 3 · Q3c · 6 marksTests for detecting carcinogenicity of drugs
38. Apr 2007 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss the pre-clinical toxicity studies of an orally administered new chemical entity (NCE) for phase I to phase III of clinical trials.
39. Apr 2007 · Paper 4 · Q4c · 7.5 marksRational use of drugs

Pharmacokinetics: ADME

PharmaNotes Pro chapter6 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Jul 2021

1. Jul 2021 · Paper 1 · Q8 · 10 marksBriefly mention the importance of redistribution of drugs in therapy.
2. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss the effects of organic diseases on drug concentration and also on drug response giving example.
3. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q3e · 6 marksKinetics of drug elimination.
4. 2012 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 20 marksDescribe different mechanisms of membrane transport.
5. 2012 · Paper 1 · Q4b · 7.5 marksTime course of drug effect.
6. 2011 · Paper 1 · Q4b · 7.5 marksAlveolo-capillary transport of drugs.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest May 2023

1. May 2023 · Paper 1 · Q10 · 10 marksWrite in detail about therapeutic drug monitoring.
2. 2012 · Paper 4 · Q3a · 6 marksTherapeutic drug monitoring
3. Apr 2007 · Paper 1 · Q4c · 7.5 marksTherapeutic drug monitoring.
4. Apr 2007 · Paper 4 · Q3d · 6 marksTherapeutic drug monitoring

Chronopharmacology & Chronotherapeutics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Mar 2019

1. Mar 2019 · Paper 1 · Q8 · 10 marksDiscuss "Chrono Pharmacology" and it's in implications in drug therapy.
2. 2016 · Paper 1 · Q8 · 10 marksChronopharmacology.
3. Apr 2008 · Paper 1 · Q3b · 6 marksChronopharmacology.

Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 3 · Q7 · 10 marksDiscuss briefly BA/BE study.
2. Jul 2021 · Paper 1 · Q10 · 10 marksJustify the statement "Generic Medicines are as good as Branded Medicines".

Drug Dosage Principles & Individualisation

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2012

1. 2012 · Paper 4 · Q4a · 7.5 marksDrugs handling patterns in malnutrition
2. 2011 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss the principles of designing and optimizing drug therapy.

Pharmacoeconomics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2013

1. 2013 · Paper 4 · Q3b · 6 marksPharmacoeconomics
2. Apr 2008 · Paper 4 · Q3b · 6 marksPharmaco-economics

Pharmacometrics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Mar 2020

1. Mar 2020 · Paper 1 · Q6 · 10 marksElaborate on PBPK modelling.

Pharmacokinetics: ADME

No chapter link yet68 questions · asked in 19 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 1 · Q3 · 10 marksWhat is Precision medicine? Discuss the role of pharmacogenomics in therepeutics.
2. Sep 2025 · Paper 1 · Q6 · 10 marksDescribe the clinical significance of hepatic microsomal enzyme induction and inhibition with examples.
3. Sep 2025 · Paper 1 · Q8 · 10 marksWhat do you mean by Loading dose of a drug? What are the determinants and its clinical implications?
4. Sep 2025 · Paper 2 · Q3 · 10 marksWhat are the important determinants of pharmacokinetics of inhaled anesthetics? Describe the important adverse effects of inhalational anesthetic agents.
5. Dec 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 10 marksApplication of pharmacokinetic principles in drug therapy.
6. Dec 2024 · Paper 3 · Q6 · 10 marksWrite about the quantal dose effect curve and determination of therapeutic index.
7. May 2023 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 10 marksWrite a short note on Genetic Polymorphism in drug metabolism.
8. May 2023 · Paper 1 · Q4 · 10 marksDiscuss critically the consequences of Polypharmacy and the need for Medication reconciliation.
9. May 2023 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 10 marksWhat is Pharmacoeconomics? Describe with examples the important types of Pharmacoeconomic study designs.
10. May 2022 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 10 marksDefine clearance of drug. How clearance is calculated. State clinical significance of clearance.
11. May 2022 · Paper 1 · Q6 · 10 marksApparent volume of drug distribution and its clinical importance.
12. May 2022 · Paper 1 · Q7 · 10 marksPharmacogenomics and its implications.
13. May 2022 · Paper 1 · Q9 · 10 marksDescribe chronopharmacology and its implication in drug therapy.
14. May 2022 · Paper 2 · Q8 · 10 marksDescribe in brief Polypharmacy.
15. May 2022 · Paper 2 · Q10 · 10 marksWrite a short note on Pharmacoeconomics.
16. Jul 2021 · Paper 1 · Q5 · 10 marksDescribe importance of "Apparent Volume of distribution" in Pharmacokinetics.
17. Jul 2021 · Paper 1 · Q9 · 10 marksDiscuss clearance of drugs.
18. Jul 2021 · Paper 3 · Q10 · 10 marksDiscuss about therapeutic drug monitoring.
19. Mar 2020 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 10 marksDescribe bioequivalence of drugs.
20. Mar 2020 · Paper 1 · Q3 · 10 marksDescribe Cytochrome P450 enzyme system.
21. Mar 2020 · Paper 1 · Q4 · 10 marksDescribe clinical significance of plasma Half Life of a drug.
22. Mar 2020 · Paper 1 · Q5 · 10 marksDiscuss clinical significance of pH of body on drug pharmacokinetics.
23. Mar 2020 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 10 marksDescribe Therapeutic monitoring of lithium.
24. Mar 2019 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 10 marksDiscuss biotransformation of drugs.
25. Mar 2019 · Paper 1 · Q7 · 10 marksDiscuss about "volume of distribution" and its implications in drug dosage.
26. Mar 2019 · Paper 3 · Q4 · 10 marksHow will you design a bioequivalence and bioavailability study?
27. 2018 · Paper 1 · Q4 · 10 marksDiscuss the therapeutic implications of membrane transporters.
28. 2018 · Paper 2 · Q10 · 10 marksDiscuss redistribution in pharmacokinetics. Explain the ultra short acting effect of thiopentone sodium in this context.
29. 2018 · Paper 4 · Q4 · 10 marksMention the reasons for "Polypharmacy". What measures are to be taken for controlling polypharmacy?
30. 2017 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 10 marksDiscuss the methodologies adopted to modify drug dosing regimen in renal failure.
31. 2017 · Paper 1 · Q3 · 10 marksCompare the pharmacokinetics of alcohol and phenytoin.
32. 2017 · Paper 1 · Q4 · 10 marksWrite about beneficial drug interactions.
33. 2017 · Paper 1 · Q6 · 10 marksDiscuss therapeutics implications of enzyme induction by drugs.
34. 2017 · Paper 4 · Q3 · 10 marksWhat is Polypharmacy? Mention the advantages and disadvantages of polypharmacy. State the different measures by which polypharmacy can be minimized?
35. 2016 · Paper 1 · Q3 · 10 marksDiscuss significance of renal excretion of days.
36. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the physiochemical factors in transport of drugs across membranes. How Henderson Hasselbach equation can be utilized?
37. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 20 marksIllustrate how membrane transporters modify pharmacodynamics.
38. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss bioequivalence. How a bioequivalence study can be designed?
39. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q3e · 6 marksApplication of loading dose.
40. 2014 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 20 marksWhy "Drug biotransformation" is a better term than "Drug metabolism". Discuss briefly about Phase I and Phase II reactions.
41. 2014 · Paper 1 · Q3a · 6 marksNon microsomal enzymes.
42. 2014 · Paper 1 · Q4d · 7.5 marksCarrier mediated membrane transport.
43. 2013 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss Plasma concentration time curves and their applications.
44. 2013 · Paper 1 · Q3a · 6 marksBioequivalence.
45. 2013 · Paper 1 · Q3d · 6 marksApparent volume of distribution.
46. 2013 · Paper 1 · Q4b · 7.5 marksLoading dose and maintenance dose.
47. 2012 · Paper 1 · Q3b · 6 marksFavourable drug-drug interactions.
48. 2011 · Paper 1 · Q4c · 7.5 marksLoading dose.
49. 2011 · Paper 1 · Q4d · 7.5 marksDrug prescribing in geriatric patients.
50. 2011 · Paper 2 · Q3d · 6 marksDigoxin in cardiac disorders
51. May 2010 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the basic mechanisms of membrane transport and the role of various transporters in Pharmacokinetics.
52. May 2010 · Paper 1 · Q3a · 6 marksVolume of distribution of drugs.
53. May 2010 · Paper 1 · Q3b · 6 marksCreatinine clearance.
54. May 2010 · Paper 1 · Q4b · 7.5 marksPharmacodynamic drug interactions.
55. May 2010 · Paper 1 · Q4c · 7.5 marksMicrosomal enzyme induction.
56. 2009 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss phase II biotransformation of drugs.
57. 2009 · Paper 1 · Q3e · 6 marksGenetic polymorphism.
58. 2009 · Paper 4 · Q3b · 6 marksTherapeutic window
59. 2009 · Paper 4 · Q4d · 7.5 marksPharmaco economic studies in drug development
60. Apr 2008 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the objectives, principles and applications of therapeutic drug monitoring. State analytical techniques commonly applied for this purpose.
61. Apr 2008 · Paper 1 · Q3e · 6 marksVolume of distribution of drugs.
62. Apr 2008 · Paper 4 · Q3a · 6 marksLoading dose strategy in therapeutics
63. Apr 2007 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 20 marksExplain with examples how pharmacokinetic data and information are relevant in rationalising during therapy.
64. Apr 2007 · Paper 1 · Q3b · 6 marksGenetic polymorphism of CYP2D6 isozyme.
65. Apr 2007 · Paper 1 · Q3c · 6 marksMembrane transporters as drug targets.
66. Apr 2007 · Paper 1 · Q4d · 7.5 marksCreatinine clearance.
67. Apr 2007 · Paper 4 · Q3a · 6 marksMaintenance dose strategies in Therapeutics
68. Apr 2007 · Paper 4 · Q3e · 6 marksBioequivalence studies

Receptor Concept & Drug-Receptor Interaction

PharmaNotes Pro chapter17 questions · asked in 12 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 1 · Q4 · 10 marksIon channel as target of drug action.
2. May 2022 · Paper 3 · Q8 · 10 marksProtein kinase receptor pathway.
3. May 2022 · Paper 4 · Q7 · 10 marksOutline the present status of purinergic receptors.
4. Mar 2020 · Paper 1 · Q8 · 10 marksDescribe Cell membrane as a system for drug action.
5. 2018 · Paper 1 · Q6 · 10 marksDiscuss the ion channel receptors with suitable examples.
6. 2018 · Paper 4 · Q8 · 10 marksDescribe modern approaches to Receptor characterization.
7. 2016 · Paper 1 · Q7 · 10 marksRadioligand binding assay.
8. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q4b · 7.5 marksG-protein coupled receptors.
9. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q4a · 7.5 marksQuantal Response & its testing
10. 2014 · Paper 1 · Q4b · 7.5 marksIon channels as target of drug action.
11. 2013 · Paper 1 · Q3c · 6 marksG-protein coupled receptors.
12. 2012 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 20 marksDescribe different types of receptors for drug action.
13. 2012 · Paper 1 · Q4c · 7.5 marksRelation between drug dose and clinical response.
14. 2011 · Paper 1 · Q3e · 6 marksPost-receptional events of drug action.
15. 2011 · Paper 4 · Q3c · 6 marksG-protein coupled receptors
16. 2009 · Paper 3 · Q4c · 7.5 marksUse of radio-labeled ligands for receptor characterisation
17. Apr 2007 · Paper 3 · Q3a · 6 marksLog dose response curve

Therapeutic Index & Measures of Drug Safety

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q4a · 7.5 marksEstimation of ED 50 & LD 50
2. Apr 2007 · Paper 3 · Q3b · 6 marksLD 50

Pharmacodynamics: Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Action

No chapter link yet24 questions · asked in 13 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 10 marksWhat are inverse agonists? Discuss the role of Inverse agonists in therapeutics.
2. Sep 2025 · Paper 1 · Q5 · 10 marksExplain with figures the characteristics of different types of nuclear hormone receptors. What are their ligands and give examples of drugs which act on them?
3. Sep 2025 · Paper 1 · Q10 · 10 marksDiscuss the important signal transduction pathways related to drug actions.
4. May 2023 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 10 marksWrite a short note on G-protein coupled receptors.
5. May 2022 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 10 marksMention different types of dose response curves. How margin of safety of a drug calculated from dose response curves.
6. Jul 2021 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 10 marksDiscuss the factors modifying drug actions.
7. Jul 2021 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 10 marksDiscuss briefly G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR).
8. Jul 2021 · Paper 1 · Q7 · 10 marksDescribe Drug synergism to ensure therapeutic efficacy with example.
9. Mar 2020 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 10 marksDescribe drug Receptor interactions.
10. Mar 2019 · Paper 1 · Q6 · 10 marksDiscuss about G-protein coupled receptors.
11. 2016 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 10 marksBriefly discuss how Drug Antagonism can be quantified.
12. 2016 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 10 marksDiscuss the role of inverse agonists.
13. 2016 · Paper 1 · Q5 · 10 marksShortly discuss Quantal Dose Response curve.
14. 2016 · Paper 3 · Q5 · 10 marksDraw the diagram of Log Dose Response Curve when we use a partial agonist against agonist and explain.
15. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q4d · 7.5 marksImpact factor and citation Index
16. 2014 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 20 marks"Drug synergism" and "Drug antagonism". Discuss with suitable examples.
17. 2014 · Paper 1 · Q3c · 6 marksInverse agonist.
18. 2014 · Paper 3 · Q4a · 7.5 marksDraw log dose response curves of an agonist and that of a partial agonist/antagonist – explain about the differences in the curves
19. 2011 · Paper 1 · Q3a · 6 marksNuclear receptors.
20. May 2010 · Paper 1 · Q3c · 6 marksInverse agonist.
21. May 2010 · Paper 1 · Q3e · 6 marksReceptor regulation.
22. 2009 · Paper 1 · Q4d · 7.5 marksReceptor regulation.
23. 2009 · Paper 3 · Q4d · 7.5 marksSignificance of cumulative dose-response curve
24. Apr 2007 · Paper 1 · Q4b · 7.5 marksQuantitation of drug-receptor interactions.

Membrane Transporters & Drug Response

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 1 · Q5 · 10 marksDiscuss in brief about renal transporters.
2. 2016 · Paper 1 · Q9 · 10 marksDescribe the genetic variations in transporters.
3. 2014 · Paper 1 · Q3d · 6 marksRenal transporters.
4. 2012 · Paper 3 · Q4c · 7.5 marksTransporters for drug elimination

Microdosing and Phase-0 Studies

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest May 2023

1. May 2023 · Paper 3 · Q7 · 10 marksMicro dosing study.
2. 2009 · Paper 4 · Q3d · 6 marksPhase 0 clinical trial

Drug Metabolism

No chapter link yet3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest May 2022

1. May 2022 · Paper 1 · Q5 · 10 marksDiscuss therapeutic applications of enzymes.
2. Jul 2021 · Paper 3 · Q9 · 10 marksDiscuss about placebo in clinical trials. What is phase 0 in clinical trial.
3. Mar 2020 · Paper 4 · Q3 · 10 marksRecent advances in treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.

The GI Microbiome and Drug Response

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 4 · Q4 · 10 marks"Microbiome based therapy have shown promise in treatment of various diseases"- Comment on the above statement.

Pharmacogenomics & Personalized Medicine

PharmaNotes Pro chapter6 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 1 · Q3 · 10 marksIdiosyncratic reaction to drugs.
2. Mar 2020 · Paper 3 · Q5 · 10 marksWrite briefly about genetic analysis in drug therapy.
3. 2017 · Paper 4 · Q9 · 10 marksState clinical implications of Pharmaco-genomics
4. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q3d · 6 marksPharmacogenetics.
5. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q4a · 7.5 marksPolymorphism modifying drug response.
6. May 2010 · Paper 1 · Q3d · 6 marksPharmacogenetics.

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics

No chapter link yet2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Jul 2021

1. Jul 2021 · Paper 4 · Q5 · 10 marksEvidence based Medicine.
2. 2011 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 20 marksWrite a brief commentary on practice of personalized medicine vis-a-vis individualized Pharmacotherapy.

Pharmacoepidemiology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter9 questions · asked in 8 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 4 · Q9 · 10 marksDiscuss the utility and challenges of Prescription Audit in a tertiary care hospital.
2. 2018 · Paper 4 · Q3 · 10 marksDescribe how "therapeutic audit" is undertaken to a medical college.
3. 2016 · Paper 4 · Q5 · 10 marksWhat is the function of therapeutic audit in a medical college hospital?
4. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q4c · 7.5 marksPrescription audit.
5. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q3e · 6 marksCohort study
6. 2014 · Paper 4 · Q4d · 7.5 marksPharmacoepidemiology
7. 2011 · Paper 4 · Q4a · 7.5 marksPrescription audit
8. 2009 · Paper 3 · Q3b · 6 marksCohort Study
9. Apr 2007 · Paper 1 · Q3e · 6 marksDefined daily dose.

Pharmacovigilance

PharmaNotes Pro chapter9 questions · asked in 8 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 1 · Q7 · 10 marksWrite a note on Haemovigilance.
2. Mar 2020 · Paper 4 · Q8 · 10 marksRisk-benefit evaluation of a medical product.
3. 2018 · Paper 1 · Q7 · 10 marksWhat is pharmaco vigilance? Why is it gaining importance? Outline the pharmaco vigilance programme in India.
4. 2016 · Paper 4 · Q10 · 10 marksDiscuss the natural initiatives taken to fulfill the goal of "Pharmaco vigilance"
5. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q4c · 7.5 marksPharmaco vigilance in India.
6. 2012 · Paper 1 · Q3c · 6 marksPharmacovigilance.
7. May 2010 · Paper 1 · Q4d · 7.5 marksPharmacovigilence.
8. May 2010 · Paper 4 · Q3e · 6 marksSerious adverse events
9. 2009 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 20 marksWhat is pharmaco vigilana? Discuss the international and national initiatives taken to fufil this goal.

Drug Schedules under the Drugs & Cosmetics Act

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Mar 2020

1. Mar 2020 · Paper 3 · Q9 · 10 marksWrite a short note about the Drugs & Cosmetics Act (India).

Off-Label Use & Medication Errors

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest May 2022

1. May 2022 · Paper 1 · Q3 · 10 marksState best practice recommend actions to reduce medication administration errors.

Postmarketing Drug Safety

No chapter link yet22 questions · asked in 13 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 1 · Q4 · 10 marksWhat is meant by spurious Falsely labeled False Field Counterfeit (SFFC) medicines as per the WHO? Enlist some measures for reducing the use of SFFC medicines.
2. Sep 2025 · Paper 3 · Q9 · 10 marksState the objectives and design of Phase IV clinical Trial and Post Marketing Surveillance Studies.
3. Sep 2025 · Paper 4 · Q6 · 10 marksWhat is meant by safety signal in Pharmacovigilance? What are the important Disproportionality Metrics used for signal detection?
4. Dec 2024 · Paper 1 · Q8 · 10 marksEcopharmacology and its future implications.
5. Dec 2024 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 10 marksWrite on Polymerase Chain Reaction.
6. Dec 2024 · Paper 4 · Q9 · 10 marksDescribe the current status of over the counter (OTC) drugs in India.
7. May 2023 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 10 marksWhat is a signal in pharmacovigilance? What are the different disproportionality analysis metrics used for signal detection?
8. May 2023 · Paper 4 · Q3 · 10 marksWhat are medication errors? Suggest different strategies that can be adopted to reduce medication errors in the critical care setting of your hospital.
9. May 2022 · Paper 1 · Q8 · 10 marksDescribe different methods of causality assessment and their role in evolving pharmacovigilance.
10. Jul 2021 · Paper 1 · Q6 · 10 marksDiscuss the role of Pharmacovigilance in ensuring safety of therapy.
11. Jul 2021 · Paper 3 · Q3 · 10 marksDiscuss how causality assessment of ADR can be done.
12. Mar 2020 · Paper 4 · Q9 · 10 marksPharmacovigilance and public health programmes.
13. Mar 2019 · Paper 1 · Q9 · 10 marksDiscuss "Adverse drug reactions" particularly Type-2.
14. Mar 2019 · Paper 4 · Q8 · 10 marksBriefly discuss medication errors and how to combat them.
15. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q4a · 7.5 marksIdiosyncratic adverse drug reaction.
16. 2014 · Paper 1 · Q4a · 7.5 marksCausality assessment of adverse drug reaction.
17. 2014 · Paper 1 · Q4c · 7.5 marksSuggest some measures to minimize medication errors.
18. 2013 · Paper 3 · Q4d · 7.5 marksPolymerase chain reaction
19. 2013 · Paper 4 · Q3e · 6 marksRecent trends in adverse drug reaction monitoring in India
20. 2012 · Paper 1 · Q3e · 6 marksType-III hypersensitivity reaction.
21. May 2010 · Paper 4 · Q3d · 6 marksSelf medication
22. Apr 2007 · Paper 3 · Q4c · 7.5 marksPCR (Polymerase chain reaction)

Clinical Toxicology & Poisoning

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2012

1. 2012 · Paper 2 · Q3d · 6 marksForced alkaline diuresis.

Principles of Clinical Toxicology

No chapter link yet4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 10 marksWrite a note on drug induced ocular toxicity.
2. May 2023 · Paper 1 · Q3 · 10 marksWrite a short note on Toxicokinetics.
3. 2011 · Paper 1 · Q4a · 7.5 marksDrug-induced oculotoxicity.
4. Apr 2008 · Paper 1 · Q4c · 7.5 marksToxicokinetics.

Autonomic Neurotransmission

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2014

1. 2014 · Paper 1 · Q3e · 6 marksSir Henry Dales Contribution to pharmacology.
2. 2014 · Paper 3 · Q3c · 6 marksChemical Sympathectomy
3. 2012 · Paper 4 · Q4b · 7.5 marksSpill over effect

Neurotransmission: ANS and Somatic Motor Nervous Systems

No chapter link yet4 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest 2018

1. 2018 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 10 marksWhy is pregnancy a special situation in drug prescribing? State salient features and short coming of the currently accepted system for pregnancy risk stratification of drugs.
2. 2018 · Paper 2 · Q9 · 10 marksDiscuss the role of hormones and antihormones in therapy of malignancies.
3. 2016 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 10 marksState how the drugs are categorized for use in pregnancy
4. 2009 · Paper 1 · Q3b · 6 marksPregnancy risk categorization of drugs.

Muscarinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q3d · 6 marksRecently introduced atropine substitutes.

Anticholinesterases and Organophosphate Poisoning

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2018

1. 2018 · Paper 2 · Q6 · 10 marksDiscuss the therapeutic uses of inhibitors of cholinesterase.

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2009

1. 2009 · Paper 2 · Q3c · 6 marksNon cosmetic use of botulinum neurotoxin

NMJ, Autonomic Ganglia; Nicotine, Muscle Relaxants, Spasmolytics

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2018

1. 2018 · Paper 3 · Q5 · 10 marksWhat are the experimental models for preclinical evaluation of a possible skeletal muscle relaxant?

Adrenergic Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest May 2023

1. May 2023 · Paper 1 · Q7 · 10 marksTriphasic response on blood pressure by agents acting on ANS.
2. 2018 · Paper 2 · Q3 · 10 marksWith schematic diagram, discuss the synthesis, storage, release and inactivation of catecholamines and mention the agents affecting each of the processes.
3. 2012 · Paper 3 · Q3e · 6 marksDale's vasomotor reversal

Third-Generation Beta-Blockers

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest May 2022

1. May 2022 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 10 marksMention third generation B-blockers with putative additional mechanism of vasodilatation.

Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists

No chapter link yet7 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 2 · Q6 · 10 marksOutline the management of Cardiogenic shock.
2. Mar 2020 · Paper 2 · Q3 · 10 marksDiscuss role of beta blockers in heart failure.
3. Mar 2020 · Paper 2 · Q10 · 10 marksDiscuss non cardiovascular uses of beta blockers.
4. 2017 · Paper 2 · Q6 · 10 marksDiscuss the rationale of use pharmacological agents in different types of shock.
5. 2017 · Paper 2 · Q8 · 10 marksExplain the role of β-blockers (beta blockers) in heart failure.
6. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q4c · 7.5 marksVasodilatory β-adrenergic receptor blockers.
7. 2014 · Paper 2 · Q4d · 7.5 marksCurrent status of Beta blockers in CHF.

5-HT (Serotonin) and Dopamine

No chapter link yet3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 4 · Q3 · 10 marksDescribe the recent advances in management of migraine.
2. May 2023 · Paper 2 · Q7 · 10 marksDiscuss Selective Serotonin Receptor Inhibitors.
3. Mar 2020 · Paper 4 · Q6 · 10 marksAttitudes towards pharmacotherapy of migraine.

NMDA Receptor Antagonists & Clinical Applications

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 10 marksClinical significance of excitotoxicity.

Neurotransmission in the CNS

No chapter link yet2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Jul 2021

1. Jul 2021 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 10 marksDescribe the NMDA receptors and the drugs modulating them.
2. 2011 · Paper 4 · Q3d · 6 marksVasoactive Intestinal peptides

The Blood-Brain Barrier

No chapter link yet2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2016

1. 2016 · Paper 1 · Q10 · 10 marksDiscuss blood-brain barrier and blood-CSF barrier.
2. 2013 · Paper 1 · Q3e · 6 marksBlood-brain barrier.

Newer Antidepressants

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest May 2010

1. May 2010 · Paper 2 · Q4a · 7.5 marksAtypical antidepressants

Depression and Anxiety Disorders

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss the principles of drug treatment of major depression in adults - role of various classes of antidepressant.

Pharmacotherapy of Psychosis and Mania

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Apr 2008

1. Apr 2008 · Paper 2 · Q4b · 7.5 marksDrug therapy of Bipolar disorder

GABA Modulators in Epilepsy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 10 marksWrite a note on Drug modulating Benzodiazepine-GABA-Cl channel receptor.
2. May 2010 · Paper 2 · Q3b · 6 marksSodium valproate as antiepileptic

Newer Antiepileptic Drugs & GABA Modulators

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2017

1. 2017 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 10 marksMention the general principles and choice of drugs for therapy of epilepsy.

Antiparkinsonian Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Apr 2008

1. Apr 2008 · Paper 4 · Q4a · 7.5 marksDrug therapy of Neuro degenerative disorders

CNS Degenerative Disorders

No chapter link yet7 questions · asked in 7 sessions · latest Jul 2021

1. Jul 2021 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 10 marksCurrent status of Pharmacotherapy of Parkinsonism.
2. Mar 2019 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 10 marksDiscuss drug used in therapy of Alzheimer's disease with their mechanism of actions.
3. 2016 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 10 marksDiscuss the recent addition in pharmacological management of Parkinsonism.
4. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q4c · 7.5 marksAlzheimer's disease – recent advances
5. May 2010 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss the developments in the Pharmacological management of Parkinsonism.
6. 2009 · Paper 4 · Q4c · 7.5 marksRecent advances in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
7. Apr 2007 · Paper 4 · Q4b · 7.5 marksDrug therapy of Alzheimer's disease

Neurosteroids

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Apr 2008

1. Apr 2008 · Paper 2 · Q3c · 6 marksNeuro steroids

Z-drugs (Non-benzodiazepine Hypnotics)

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2014

1. 2014 · Paper 1 · Q3b · 6 marksDrug automatism.

Cancer Pain and Co-Analgesics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q3e · 6 marksRecent developments in management of pain

Morphine and Opioid Analgesics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2013

1. 2013 · Paper 4 · Q3c · 6 marksPatient-controlled analgesia

Opioid Analgesics

No chapter link yet3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Mar 2019

1. Mar 2019 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 10 marksMention different types of opioid receptors. How opium addiction is to be treated.
2. 2017 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 10 marksState the different pharmacological interventions in opioid withdrawal.
3. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q3a · 6 marksNomenclature of natural opium alkaloids and their analogues (synthetic / semi synthetic).

General Anaesthetics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2012

1. 2012 · Paper 2 · Q4b · 7.5 marksNeuroprotective anesthetic agents.

General Anesthetics and Therapeutic Gases

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q4b · 7.5 marksPropofol - can it be regarded as ideal anaesthetic.

Local Anaesthetics: SAR and Techniques

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q3e · 6 marksCocaine.

Cannabinoids

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 4 · Q5 · 10 marksDescribe the role of medical pharmacologists in patient care services.

Drug Dependence, Tolerance & Addiction

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Jul 2021

1. Jul 2021 · Paper 2 · Q3 · 10 marksWrite a short note on Nicotine Replacement therapy.
2. 2012 · Paper 1 · Q3d · 6 marksMolecular mechanisms of positive reinforcement.

Drug Use Disorders and Addiction

No chapter link yet6 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest May 2023

1. May 2023 · Paper 1 · Q6 · 10 marksExplain with examples the principles underlying drug dependence.
2. Mar 2020 · Paper 2 · Q6 · 10 marksDescribe the treatment of alcohol dependence.
3. 2018 · Paper 1 · Q5 · 10 marksBriefly discuss some of the common drug addictions and their management.
4. 2017 · Paper 1 · Q9 · 10 marksExplain briefly about "Hypersensitivity", "Drug intolerance" and "Idiosyncrasy".
5. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q4d · 7.5 marksPhysical dependence.
6. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q3d · 6 marksDesigner drugs

Non-Diuretic Uses of Diuretics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2018

1. 2018 · Paper 2 · Q8 · 10 marksDiscuss the role of diuretics in clinical medicine.

Drugs Affecting Renal Excretory Function (Diuretics)

No chapter link yet2 questions · asked in 1 session · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 2 · Q5 · 10 marksDiscuss with suitable examples: "Drug induced electrolyte imbalance".
2. Sep 2025 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 10 marksDiscuss the recent advantages in the management of Metabolic Dysfunction associated Steato hepatitis (MASH).

RAAS Inhibitors

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest May 2010

1. May 2010 · Paper 4 · Q4d · 7.5 marksACE-inhibitors in ischaemic heart diseases

Renin and Angiotensin

No chapter link yet6 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest May 2022

1. May 2022 · Paper 2 · Q6 · 10 marksAnimal models for testing learning & memory.
2. Mar 2019 · Paper 4 · Q3 · 10 marksWhat is ARNI? What is the rationality of its therapeutic use?
3. 2018 · Paper 3 · Q9 · 10 marksComment on the merits and demerits of Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) in undergraduate and postgraduate, pharmacology curriculum.
4. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q4d · 7.5 marksDirect Renin inhibitors
5. 2012 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 20 marksDescribe functions and effects of Renin Angiotensin system and the drugs affecting it.
6. May 2010 · Paper 2 · Q4c · 7.5 marksAngiotensin receptor blockers

Antianginal Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2013

1. 2013 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the factors that influence myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Discuss the role played by pharmacotherapeutic agents that modulate these factors to treat ischemic heart diseases.

Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease

No chapter link yet2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2016

1. 2016 · Paper 2 · Q10 · 10 marksDiscuss the recent trends in treatment of Angina Pectoris.
2. May 2010 · Paper 2 · Q3c · 6 marksRanolazine

Calcium Channel Blockers

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2011

1. 2011 · Paper 2 · Q3a · 6 marksDrugs used in vasospastic disorders

Treatment of Hypertension

No chapter link yet2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest May 2022

1. May 2022 · Paper 4 · Q3 · 10 marksMention the pharmacological principles to be considered in selection of antihypertensive drug in individual patient.
2. 2017 · Paper 2 · Q3 · 10 marksDiscuss Calcium Channel Blockers with their therapeutic implication.

Therapy of Heart Failure

No chapter link yet7 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 2 · Q4 · 10 marksOutline the pharmacotherapy of acutely decompensated heart failure.
2. May 2023 · Paper 4 · Q6 · 10 marksCurrent status of diuretics in management of heart failure.
3. Mar 2019 · Paper 2 · Q5 · 10 marksExplain mechanism of action of ionotropic drugs in treatment of cardiac failure, what are the recent advances in treatment of cardiac failure.
4. 2016 · Paper 4 · Q9 · 10 marksDiscuss latest additions in therapy of heart failure
5. 2014 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 20 marksWrite about the current status in the management of heart failure and rationality of pharmacotherapy in it.
6. May 2010 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 20 marksEnumerate "Ionodilators". Discuss the status of vasodilators in the management of congestive heart failure.
7. May 2010 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the recent advances in the treatment of heart failure.

Antiarrhythmic Drugs and the Vaughan-Williams Classification

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 4 · Q8 · 10 marksDiscuss the strategies in the pharmacotherapy of Cardiac tachyarrhythmias.
2. Mar 2019 · Paper 2 · Q7 · 10 marksMention different days used in the management of ventricular and supraventricular tachycardia with their inherent risks.
3. 2009 · Paper 2 · Q3a · 6 marksPotassium channel modulators
4. Apr 2008 · Paper 2 · Q3a · 6 marksDrug treatment of ventricular tachy-arrhythmias

Antiarrhythmic Drugs

No chapter link yet2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest May 2023

1. May 2023 · Paper 2 · Q10 · 10 marksDescribe the electrophysiological basis of anti-arrhythmic drugs in treatment of arrhythmias. Describe the merits and demerits of class III anti-arrhythmic drugs.
2. May 2010 · Paper 4 · Q3b · 6 marksAdenosine receptors

Nitric Oxide

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q4b · 7.5 marksNO as a target for use of drugs.

Pharmacotherapy of Pulmonary Hypertension

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the management of idiopathic arterial hypertension in pulmonary field.

Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

No chapter link yet2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2009

1. 2009 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the physiological and pharmacological significance of the vascular endothelium. Outline the role of endothelin receptors in pharmacotherapeutics.
2. Apr 2008 · Paper 2 · Q3b · 6 marksEndothelin receptor antagonists in clinical use

Oral Anticoagulants — NOACs, Antiplatelets & Fibrinolytics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest May 2023

1. May 2023 · Paper 2 · Q3 · 10 marksEnlist the drugs and their mechanism of actions used for the treatment and prevention of deep vein thrombosis.

Blood Coagulation: Anticoagulant, Fibrinolytic, Antiplatelet

No chapter link yet3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Mar 2020

1. Mar 2020 · Paper 2 · Q8 · 10 marksDescribe the role of newer anticoagulants in drug therapy.
2. 2013 · Paper 2 · Q4c · 7.5 marksLow molecular weight heparins.
3. 2012 · Paper 2 · Q3b · 6 marksIn-vivo and in-vitro use of heparine.

Statins & Pharmacotherapy of Dyslipidemia

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest May 2023

1. May 2023 · Paper 4 · Q8 · 10 marksRole of newer LDL lowering agents in coronary artery diseases.
2. Jul 2021 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 10 marksDescribe Pleiotropic effects of statins.

Drug Therapy for Dyslipidemias

No chapter link yet5 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 2 · Q8 · 10 marksDescribe the guidelines for management of dyslipidemia.
2. Mar 2020 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 10 marksDescribe the role of Rosuvastatin in dyslipidaemia.
3. May 2010 · Paper 2 · Q3a · 6 marksStatins in Post myocardial infarction
4. Apr 2008 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss the principles of pharmacotherapy of hyperlipidaemia. What is the current status of atorvastatin and Omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids in this condition?
5. Apr 2007 · Paper 2 · Q4a · 7.5 marksRole of statins in cardioprotection

Immunity and Inflammation

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Apr 2007

1. Apr 2007 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the role of immune system as determinant of drug toxicity and drug therapy.

Immunomodulators

PharmaNotes Pro chapter6 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 2 · Q10 · 10 marksDescribe the proposed mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of Thalidomide and its analogue.
2. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q4d · 7.5 marksInterferon L.
3. 2014 · Paper 4 · Q3b · 6 marksCurrent status of thalidomide
4. 2013 · Paper 2 · Q4a · 7.5 marksBiological response modifiers.
5. 2009 · Paper 2 · Q4a · 7.5 marksThe resurgence of Thalidomide
6. Apr 2008 · Paper 1 · Q3a · 6 marksImmuno modulators.

Calcineurin Inhibitors & Immunosuppressants

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q3c · 6 marksImmuno suppressants.
2. May 2010 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss the pathways of immune responses and the action of immunosuppressive drugs at various sites of the pathways.

Immunosuppressants, Immunomodulation, and Tolerance

No chapter link yet13 questions · asked in 8 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 2 · Q10 · 10 marksState the principles and the common agents used as immunosuppressants in solid organ transplantation.
2. May 2023 · Paper 2 · Q4 · 10 marksRole of various immunosuppressants used in solid organ transplantation.
3. Jul 2021 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 10 marksRole of anticytokines in the therapy of Rheumatoid arthritis.
4. Mar 2019 · Paper 2 · Q10 · 10 marksEnumerate the disease modifying antirheumatoid drugs, with their possible mechanism of actions.
5. 2017 · Paper 2 · Q4 · 10 marksExplain the role of immunostimulants in therapy of diseased states.
6. 2017 · Paper 4 · Q5 · 10 marksDescribe the role of anti-TNF drugs in treating Rheumatoid Arthritis
7. 2013 · Paper 1 · Q3b · 6 marksImmunostimulants.
8. 2013 · Paper 2 · Q3a · 6 marksCalcineurin inhibitors.
9. 2013 · Paper 2 · Q3e · 6 marksThalidomide as immunomodulatory agent.
10. 2013 · Paper 4 · Q3d · 6 marksRituximab
11. 2012 · Paper 2 · Q4a · 7.5 marksDisease-modifying drugs in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis.
12. 2012 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 20 marksDescribe the current status of drug treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis.
13. Apr 2008 · Paper 2 · Q3d · 6 marksCalcineurin inhibitors

Vaccines & Immunoglobulins

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 2 · Q9 · 10 marksGive an overview of the current recommendations for adolescent and adult vaccination in the Indian context.
2. 2013 · Paper 4 · Q3a · 6 marksIntradermal rabies vaccination

Immune Globulins and Vaccines

No chapter link yet7 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Jul 2021

1. Jul 2021 · Paper 4 · Q3 · 10 marksUse of Immunoglobulins in therapy.
2. 2014 · Paper 2 · Q3a · 6 marksHPV vaccines.
3. 2011 · Paper 2 · Q4b · 7.5 marksAnti-rabies vaccine
4. 2009 · Paper 4 · Q3e · 6 marksRotavirus vaccine
5. Apr 2008 · Paper 4 · Q3d · 6 marksRotavirus vaccine
6. Apr 2008 · Paper 4 · Q3e · 6 marksIntradermal use of Rabies vaccine
7. Apr 2007 · Paper 2 · Q4c · 7.5 marksDNA vaccines

Lipid-Derived Autacoids: Eicosanoids and PAF

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2016

1. 2016 · Paper 2 · Q8 · 10 marksDiscuss therapeutic uses of prostaglandin analogues.

Inflammation, Fever, Pain, and Gout

No chapter link yet3 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Mar 2020

1. Mar 2020 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 10 marksDescribe current therapeutic status of aspirin.
2. Mar 2020 · Paper 2 · Q9 · 10 marksBriefly describe the treatment of gout.
3. 2018 · Paper 2 · Q5 · 10 marksDiscuss the newer approaches in management of osteoarthritis.

H1 Antihistamines

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest May 2023

1. May 2023 · Paper 2 · Q9 · 10 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of vertigo.

Bronchial Asthma

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 4 · Q6 · 10 marksWrite a note on recent advance in management of COPD.
2. May 2023 · Paper 2 · Q5 · 10 marksManagement of drug induced bronchospasm.
3. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q3b · 6 marksInhaled Corticosteroids.

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q3c · 6 marksIonodilators

Pulmonary Pharmacology

No chapter link yet5 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 10 marksState the salient features of the latest GINA guidelines in the management of Asthma.
2. Jul 2021 · Paper 2 · Q9 · 10 marksBriefly describe the role of bronchodilators in cystic fibrosis.
3. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q4a · 7.5 marksNovel classes of bronchodilators.
4. 2012 · Paper 3 · Q4a · 7.5 marksExperimental screening of bronchodilators
5. 2011 · Paper 4 · Q4d · 7.5 marksAnti IgE therapy in bronchial asthma

Antioxidants in Therapeutics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2014

1. 2014 · Paper 2 · Q3c · 6 marksXanthine oxidase and vascular endothelium.
2. 2012 · Paper 2 · Q3e · 6 marksTherapeutic potential of anti-oxidant.

Haematopoietic Growth Factors & Agents

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2011

1. 2011 · Paper 4 · Q4c · 7.5 marksMyeloid growth factors

Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Apr 2007

1. Apr 2007 · Paper 2 · Q3c · 6 marksCintrovorum factor

Hematopoietic Agents: Growth Factors, Minerals, Vitamins

No chapter link yet8 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 4 · Q3 · 10 marksWrite a note on retinoids in dermatological practice.
2. Jul 2021 · Paper 2 · Q6 · 10 marksWrite short note on Therapeutic potential of antioxidant.
3. 2014 · Paper 2 · Q3b · 6 marksTherapeutic potentials of antioxidants.
4. 2014 · Paper 4 · Q4c · 7.5 marksRetinoids in dermatological practice
5. 2009 · Paper 1 · Q3d · 6 marksAntioxidants.
6. 2009 · Paper 4 · Q4a · 7.5 marksTherapeutic potential of retinoids
7. Apr 2008 · Paper 4 · Q4c · 7.5 marksColony Stimulating Factors (CSF)
8. Apr 2007 · Paper 2 · Q4b · 7.5 marksVitamin A analogues

Hypothalamic & Pituitary Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 2 · Q9 · 10 marksDescribe the stepwise therapeutic approach in use of drugs for induction of ovulation.

Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q3a · 6 marksVasopression receptor antagonists.

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

No chapter link yet5 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 10 marksDescribe the therapeutic uses of GnRH agonists and antagonists.
2. 2017 · Paper 2 · Q9 · 10 marksMention role of pharmacological agents in treatment of diabetes insipidus and in syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH.
3. 2017 · Paper 2 · Q10 · 10 marksWrite a note on GnRH and its synthetic analogues.
4. 2013 · Paper 2 · Q3c · 6 marksGnRH analogues.
5. 2011 · Paper 2 · Q4a · 7.5 marksGonadotropins

Antithyroid Drugs & Radioactive Iodine

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2012

1. 2012 · Paper 2 · Q3a · 6 marksLugol's iodine.

Drug Therapy of Hypothyroidism

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q3d · 6 marksSick euthyroid syndrome.

Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs

No chapter link yet2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 4 · Q4 · 10 marksDiscuss about clinical implications of radioactive iodine.
2. 2014 · Paper 2 · Q4b · 7.5 marksUses of radioactive iodine.

SERMs, SERDs & Tocolytics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2012

1. 2012 · Paper 2 · Q4d · 7.5 marksSelective estrogen receptor down regulators.
2. Apr 2008 · Paper 4 · Q4b · 7.5 marksSelective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Estrogens and Progestins

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2014

1. 2014 · Paper 2 · Q4a · 7.5 marksSelective progesterone receptor modulators.

Estrogens, Progestins, Female Reproductive Tract

No chapter link yet5 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest May 2022

1. May 2022 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 10 marksState selective estrogens receptor modulators and anti estrogens with their uses.
2. Jul 2021 · Paper 4 · Q8 · 10 marksNon-Contraceptive uses of OC pills.
3. Mar 2019 · Paper 2 · Q8 · 10 marksDiscuss newer contraceptive methods. What are the noncontraceptives benefits of oral contraceptives.
4. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q3c · 6 marksMifepristone
5. May 2010 · Paper 2 · Q3d · 6 marksEmergency contraceptives

Pharmacotherapy of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Mar 2020

1. Mar 2020 · Paper 2 · Q4 · 10 marksDescribe drugs used for prostrate enlargement.
2. 2011 · Paper 2 · Q4d · 7.5 marksMedical management of BHP

Androgens and Male Reproductive Tract

No chapter link yet3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Mar 2019

1. Mar 2019 · Paper 2 · Q9 · 10 marksBriefly discuss the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
2. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q4a · 7.5 marksAndrogens.
3. 2009 · Paper 2 · Q4d · 7.5 marksPharmacological management of erectile dysfunction

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adrenal Steroids, Adrenal Cortex

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Mar 2020

1. Mar 2020 · Paper 2 · Q5 · 10 marksClassify corticosteroids. Describe precautions to be taken while prescribing them to patients.

Newer Oral Antidiabetics & SGLT2 Inhibitors

PharmaNotes Pro chapter8 questions · asked in 7 sessions · latest Jul 2021

1. Jul 2021 · Paper 4 · Q10 · 10 marksRecent advances in management of Type – 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
2. Mar 2019 · Paper 4 · Q9 · 10 marksCurrent status of SGLT 2 inhibitors in diabetes mellitus.
3. 2018 · Paper 2 · Q7 · 10 marksDiscuss about the recent advances in the management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus, particularly in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
4. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss the recent developments in drug therapy of diabetes mellitus.
5. 2013 · Paper 2 · Q3b · 6 marksGlucagon-like peptide 1.
6. 2013 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the recent trends in antidiabetic drug therapy.
7. 2011 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 20 marksBriefly outline the advances and challenges in the Pharmacological management of diabetes mellitus.
8. 2009 · Paper 2 · Q3d · 6 marksExenatide

Insulin Sensitizers

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q3e · 6 marksInsulin resistance

Endocrine Pancreas: Diabetes Mellitus

No chapter link yet11 questions · asked in 9 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 10 marksWhat is meant by Insulin Resistance? Discuss the role of various antidiabetic agents in the management of Insulin Resistance.
2. Dec 2024 · Paper 2 · Q5 · 10 marksWrite a note on Incretin based therapy in T2DM.
3. May 2023 · Paper 2 · Q6 · 10 marksTherapeutic role of Metformin.
4. May 2022 · Paper 4 · Q8 · 10 marksDescribe recent advances in the treatment of obesity.
5. Jul 2021 · Paper 2 · Q8 · 10 marksWrite a short note on SGLT2 inhibitors.
6. Jul 2021 · Paper 4 · Q4 · 10 marksInsulin analogues.
7. 2016 · Paper 4 · Q6 · 10 marksState the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
8. May 2010 · Paper 4 · Q4a · 7.5 marksTherapy of Obesity
9. 2009 · Paper 2 · Q3e · 6 marksNewer Insulins
10. 2009 · Paper 2 · Q4b · 7.5 marksThe current therapeutic status of glitazone group of drugs
11. Apr 2008 · Paper 3 · Q4a · 7.5 marksPreclinical screening models of obesity

Bisphosphonates

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest May 2022

1. May 2022 · Paper 4 · Q6 · 10 marksDiscuss the current approaches in the management of osteoporosis.
2. 2016 · Paper 2 · Q3 · 10 marksDescribe the approaches undertaken to manage hypercalcaemic crisis.

Vitamin D — Pharmacology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest May 2022

1. May 2022 · Paper 3 · Q9 · 10 marksDescribe Calcimimetic Drugs.
2. 2012 · Paper 4 · Q4d · 7.5 marksCalcimimetic drugs

Mineral Ion Homeostasis and Bone Turnover

No chapter link yet14 questions · asked in 11 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 10 marksDiscuss about the pharmacotherapy of post menopausal osteoporosis.
2. Dec 2024 · Paper 2 · Q3 · 10 marksWrite a note on therapeutic potential of vitamin D3.
3. May 2023 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 10 marksOutline the management of osteoporosis.
4. Jul 2021 · Paper 2 · Q7 · 10 marksBriefly explain the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
5. Mar 2019 · Paper 2 · Q4 · 10 marksBriefly discuss calcium metabolism and the role of vitamin-D in osteoporosis.
6. 2018 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 10 marksDiscuss the integrated approach for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
7. 2016 · Paper 2 · Q5 · 10 marksDiscuss the management of osteoporosis.
8. 2016 · Paper 4 · Q8 · 10 marksRole of Vitamin D in therapeutics
9. 2013 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 20 marksDescribe the integrated approach to osteoporosis prevention and treatment.
10. 2013 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 20 marksState the salient features of human vitamin D metabolism and discuss its therapeutic potential.
11. 2011 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 20 marksDescribe an integrated approach to the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
12. May 2010 · Paper 4 · Q4b · 7.5 marksBisphosphonates in Osteoporosis
13. 2009 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 20 marksWrite an essay on the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis.
14. Apr 2007 · Paper 2 · Q3b · 6 marksBisphosphonates

Gastric Acidity, PUD, GERD

No chapter link yet2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q3e · 6 marksDrugs used for eradication of H. Pylori.
2. Apr 2007 · Paper 4 · Q4a · 7.5 marksRegimens for H.Pylori irradication

Drug Therapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2013

1. 2013 · Paper 2 · Q4b · 7.5 marksTreatment of irritable Bowel syndrome.

GI Motility, Emesis, Biliary, Pancreatic

No chapter link yet3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest 2016

1. 2016 · Paper 2 · Q9 · 10 marksDiscuss the management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
2. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q4b · 7.5 marksEPS induced by prokinetic agents
3. Apr 2007 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 20 marksEnumerate the drugs used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting in different clinical settings. Explain their mechanism of action in the back drop of pathophysiology of nausea and vomiting in such conditions.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

No chapter link yet3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 2 · Q7 · 10 marksDiscuss the pharmacotherapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2. May 2022 · Paper 2 · Q5 · 10 marksDiscuss advances in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.
3. 2017 · Paper 2 · Q7 · 10 marksDiscuss strategies for pharmacotherapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

General Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter9 questions · asked in 7 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 4 · Q7 · 10 marksDescribe the significance of WHO access, watch, reserve (AWaRe) classification of antibiotics in implementing Antibiotic Stewardship Program.
2. May 2022 · Paper 4 · Q5 · 10 marksWrite briefly on Antibiotic stewardship its implications.
3. Mar 2019 · Paper 1 · Q4 · 10 marksDiscuss the implications of anti-microbial stewardship programme in clinical practise.
4. 2018 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 10 marksBriefly discuss the prophylactic use of antibiotics in different surgical procedures.
5. 2011 · Paper 2 · Q4c · 7.5 marksAntibiotic induced diarrhoea
6. 2011 · Paper 4 · Q4b · 7.5 marksAntimicrobial policy
7. May 2010 · Paper 2 · Q3e · 6 marksProphylactic uses of antimicrobial agents
8. May 2010 · Paper 4 · Q4c · 7.5 marksTreatment of nosocomial infection
9. Apr 2007 · Paper 2 · Q4d · 7.5 marksAntibiotic prophylaxis

Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest May 2022

1. May 2022 · Paper 2 · Q3 · 10 marksState different mechanisms of development of resistance to anti microbial agents.
2. 2017 · Paper 1 · Q8 · 10 marksDiscuss about the strategies to combat the problem of microbial resistance against drugs.
3. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q3c · 6 marksMechanisms of bacterial resistance.

General Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy

No chapter link yet6 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 1 · Q7 · 10 marksWrite a note on the Barriers in implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program.
2. Dec 2024 · Paper 2 · Q7 · 10 marksDescribe the mechanism of antibiotic resistance and strategies to combat it.
3. May 2023 · Paper 1 · Q9 · 10 marksDiscuss antimicrobial stewardship program and its barriers in implementation.
4. Mar 2020 · Paper 4 · Q10 · 10 marksRecent strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance.
5. 2018 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 10 marksHighlight the reasons for development of antibiotic resistance and steps to be taken to prevent this.
6. Apr 2008 · Paper 2 · Q4d · 7.5 marksMechanism of development of antibiotic resistance

Typhoid Fever Pharmacotherapy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Jul 2021

1. Jul 2021 · Paper 4 · Q7 · 10 marksPharmacotherapy of Enteric Fever.

Cell Envelope Disruptors: β-Lactams, Glycopeptides, Lipopeptides

No chapter link yet2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2014

1. 2014 · Paper 2 · Q3d · 6 marksGlycopeptides.
2. Apr 2008 · Paper 2 · Q4a · 7.5 marksFourth generation cephalosporins

Newer Antibacterial Agents

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest May 2023

1. May 2023 · Paper 4 · Q5 · 10 marksOverview of Newer Beta lactamase inhibitors.
2. 2016 · Paper 2 · Q4 · 10 marksDiscuss briefly the management of MRSA infection.
3. 2013 · Paper 2 · Q3d · 6 marksTreatment of MRSA infection.

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Apr 2007

1. Apr 2007 · Paper 3 · Q4b · 7.5 marksErythromycin breath test

Antifungal Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2009

1. 2009 · Paper 4 · Q4b · 7.5 marksRecent advances in pharmacotherapy of systemic fungal infection

Antifungal Agents

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest May 2010

1. May 2010 · Paper 2 · Q4d · 7.5 marksImidazole antifungal agents

Antiviral Drugs (Non-retroviral)

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q4c · 7.5 marksDrug treatment of influenza.

Antiviral Agents (Nonretroviral)

No chapter link yet4 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest May 2022

1. May 2022 · Paper 2 · Q4 · 10 marksOutline the management of COVID-19 infection.
2. May 2022 · Paper 2 · Q7 · 10 marksDirectly acting anti-virals.
3. Jul 2021 · Paper 4 · Q9 · 10 marksPharmacotherapy of Covid-19 Infection.
4. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q4a · 7.5 marksOseltamivir in swine flu

Treatment of Viral Hepatitis (HBV/HCV)

No chapter link yet2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 2 · Q8 · 10 marksDescribe the pharmacotherapy of Hepatitis C virus infection.
2. 2009 · Paper 4 · Q3c · 6 marksRecent advances in pharmacotherapy of chronic hepatitis B and C infection

Antiretroviral Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest 2014

1. 2014 · Paper 4 · Q3d · 6 marksEfavivenz
2. 2012 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 20 marksExplain the principles on which combination chemotherapy of AIDS is based.
3. 2009 · Paper 2 · Q3b · 6 marksNon-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Antiretroviral Agents and HIV Treatment

No chapter link yet9 questions · asked in 9 sessions · latest Jul 2021

1. Jul 2021 · Paper 4 · Q6 · 10 marksNewer Drug targets for antiretroviral therapy.
2. Mar 2019 · Paper 2 · Q3 · 10 marksPrinciples of HAART regimen in HIV infection. Discuss post exposure prophylaxis of HIV.
3. 2018 · Paper 4 · Q6 · 10 marksBriefly discuss "Current trends in antiretroviral therapy".
4. 2017 · Paper 2 · Q5 · 10 marksOutline the principles of HIV chemotherapy.
5. 2012 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 20 marksBriefly outline the recent trends in antiretroviral therapy.
6. 2011 · Paper 2 · Q3b · 6 marksPost exposure prophylaxis in AIDS
7. May 2010 · Paper 2 · Q4b · 7.5 marksNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
8. 2009 · Paper 3 · Q3a · 6 marksThe langendorff preparation
9. Apr 2008 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the management of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection and HIV associated conditions.

Antitubercular Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 2 · Q4 · 10 marksDiscuss about the DOTS therapy in TB.
2. Apr 2007 · Paper 2 · Q3a · 6 marksManagement of 'atypical mycobacterial infection'

Tuberculosis and NTM, Leprosy

No chapter link yet8 questions · asked in 7 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 2 · Q6 · 10 marksDiscuss the current RNTCP guidelines for pharmacotherapy of multi drug resistance (MDR/RR) Tuberculosis.
2. May 2023 · Paper 2 · Q8 · 10 marksDiscuss pharmacotherapy of MDR TB.
3. May 2023 · Paper 4 · Q7 · 10 marksCurrent recommendation in pharmacotherapy for Leprosy.
4. Mar 2020 · Paper 2 · Q7 · 10 marksDescribe principles of treatment of tuberculosis.
5. 2018 · Paper 2 · Q4 · 10 marksWrite about the pharmacotherapy of MDR and XDR tuberculosis.
6. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q4b · 7.5 marksDaily regimen versus DOT in tuberculosis.
7. 2013 · Paper 4 · Q4d · 7.5 marksReview the challenges and advances in the treatment of MDR-tuberculosis
8. 2011 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 20 marksReflect the current status, challenges and future trends in the management of tuberculosis in India.

Chemotherapy of Malaria

No chapter link yet5 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest Mar 2020

1. Mar 2020 · Paper 4 · Q7 · 10 marksRecent advances in the treatment of malaria.
2. 2016 · Paper 2 · Q7 · 10 marksDiscuss management of malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum.
3. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q3b · 6 marksArtemisinin derivatives.
4. 2011 · Paper 2 · Q3e · 6 marksNewer strategies in the treatment of malaria
5. Apr 2008 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss the recent advances in Anti-malarial chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy of Helminth Infections

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Mar 2019

1. Mar 2019 · Paper 2 · Q6 · 10 marksDiscuss the pharmacotherapy of helminthic infestation.

Anticancer Drugs: Classification and Principles

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2018

1. 2018 · Paper 1 · Q9 · 10 marksExplain the cell cycle briefly with a suitable diagram. What are the implications in it for cytotoxic anti cancer therapy with curative intent?
2. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q3b · 6 marksCell death, Apoptosis and senescence.

General Principles of Cancer Pharmacotherapy

No chapter link yet2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest May 2023

1. May 2023 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 10 marksOutline general principles of cancer chemotherapy.
2. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the principles of cancer chemotherapy. Outline the mechanism of action of any two classes of anticancer agents.

Vinca Alkaloids, Taxanes & Anticancer Antibiotics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2009

1. 2009 · Paper 2 · Q4c · 7.5 marksTherapeutic role of anthracycline antibiotics

Cytotoxics and Antimetabolites

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Apr 2007

1. Apr 2007 · Paper 2 · Q3d · 6 marksTaxanes

Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Chemotherapy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 1 · Q10 · 10 marksDescribe the pharmacological importance of Receptor Tyrosine kinase.
2. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q3d · 6 marksTargeted therapy
3. 2014 · Paper 2 · Q3e · 6 marksTyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Protein Kinase Inhibitors and Pathway-Targeted Small Molecules

No chapter link yet3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Mar 2019

1. Mar 2019 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 10 marksTargeted Cancer therapy.
2. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q4b · 7.5 marksTyrosine protein kinase inhibitors
3. Apr 2008 · Paper 2 · Q3e · 6 marksImatinib mesylate

Monoclonal Antibodies & Immunotherapy in Cancer

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest 2018

1. 2018 · Paper 1 · Q8 · 10 marksBriefly explain the hybridoma technology. Provide examples of therapeutic agents derived through application of this technology.
2. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q3b · 6 marksHybridoma technology
3. 2014 · Paper 4 · Q3a · 6 marksAngiogenesis inhibitors as anticancer drug
4. Apr 2008 · Paper 2 · Q4c · 7.5 marksImmunotoxins

Antibodies, CAR T Cells, Proteins for Cancer

No chapter link yet10 questions · asked in 9 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 4 · Q7 · 10 marksWrite a note on current status of CAR-T cell based therapy in therapeutics.
2. May 2022 · Paper 4 · Q9 · 10 marksWrite a short on use of monoclonal antibodies in therapeutics.
3. 2018 · Paper 4 · Q9 · 10 marksBriefly discuss "Monoclonal antibodies".
4. 2015 · Paper 2 · Q4d · 7.5 marksAny three monoclonal antibodies.
5. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss the role of monoclonal antibodies in non-malignant diseases.
6. 2013 · Paper 1 · Q4d · 7.5 marksMonoclonal antibody.
7. 2012 · Paper 2 · Q4c · 7.5 marksMonoclonal antibody in treatment of broncho-spastic disorders.
8. 2009 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 20 marksCritically discuss the current role of monoclonal antibodies in therapeutics.
9. Apr 2008 · Paper 1 · Q4b · 7.5 marksApplications of monoclonal antibodies in therapeutics.
10. Apr 2007 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 20 marksWrite an essay on potential clinical application of monoclonal antibodies.

Hormonal Agents in Cancer Therapy

PharmaNotes Pro chapter5 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 10 marksWrite down the challenges in pharmacotherapy of prostate cancer.
2. May 2022 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 10 marksMention normones and related agents in the therapy of cancer.
3. 2016 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 10 marksRole of hormones and anti hormones in therapy of cancer.
4. 2014 · Paper 2 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss the role of hormones and antihormones in therapy of cancer.
5. Apr 2007 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the role of hormones and antihormones in the treatment of Cancer.

Hormonal Management of Breast Cancer

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 4 · Q5 · 10 marksWhat are the recent advances in the pharmacological treatment (chemotherapy and immunotherapy) of breast cancer?
2. Jul 2021 · Paper 2 · Q10 · 10 marksWrite short discourse on hormone therapy of breast carcinoma.

Hormones in Cancer Therapy

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q4c · 7.5 marksHormones in cancer therapy

Ocular Pharmacology

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Mar 2020

1. Mar 2020 · Paper 2 · Q1 · 10 marksDescribe therapeutic goals, the drug therapy of chronic simple glaucoma.

Antiseptics & Disinfectants

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2014

1. 2014 · Paper 2 · Q4c · 7.5 marksStrategies to prevent or minimize hospital acquired infections.
2. 2011 · Paper 2 · Q3c · 6 marksTopical antiinfectives

Dermatological Pharmacology

No chapter link yet1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2012

1. 2012 · Paper 2 · Q3c · 6 marksPrinciples of topical therapy.

Laboratory Animals in Pharmacology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter22 questions · asked in 15 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 10 marksWhat is the composition, role and responsibilities of the CCSEA (Committee for Control and Supervision on Experiments on Animals)? Which committee is responsible for reviewing stem cell research proposals in India?
2. Dec 2024 · Paper 3 · Q8 · 10 marksDescribe in brief about the formation and functioning of institutional animal ethics committee.
3. May 2023 · Paper 3 · Q8 · 10 marksDiscuss guinea pig as an experimental animal.
4. May 2022 · Paper 3 · Q3 · 10 marksState role of mouse as an experimental animal.
5. Jul 2021 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 10 marksDiscuss about CPCSEA guidelines.
6. Jul 2021 · Paper 3 · Q6 · 10 marksDiscuss the role of guinea pig as an experimental animal.
7. Mar 2020 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 10 marksDescribe role of Guinea pig as an experimental animal.
8. Mar 2020 · Paper 3 · Q3 · 10 marksDescribe ethics in use of animal in laboratories.
9. Mar 2019 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 10 marksDiscuss about the Rat being an experimental animal.
10. Mar 2019 · Paper 3 · Q9 · 10 marksCPCSEA guidelines.
11. 2018 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 10 marksDiscuss the role of guineapig in experimental pharmacology.
12. 2017 · Paper 3 · Q7 · 10 marksDescribe procedures for rendering animals unconscious for experimentation.
13. 2017 · Paper 3 · Q9 · 10 marksDiscuss the ethical CPCSEA guidelines for animal experimentation in Indian Scenario.
14. 2016 · Paper 3 · Q3 · 10 marksDiscuss the role of Guinea Pig as an experimental animal.
15. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q3c · 6 marksInstitutional animal ethics committee – its composition
16. 2011 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 20 marksWhat is an animal habitat? Discuss the prerequisites of an ideal animal house with special reference to rodents
17. 2011 · Paper 3 · Q3e · 6 marksInbred strains
18. 2011 · Paper 3 · Q4b · 7.5 marksDisposal of animal wastes
19. May 2010 · Paper 3 · Q3b · 6 marksRat as an experimental animal
20. May 2010 · Paper 3 · Q3c · 6 marksUrethane
21. 2009 · Paper 3 · Q3e · 6 marksInstitutional Animal Ethical Committee
22. Apr 2007 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 20 marksWrite a brief commentary on ethical issues involved in the use of laboratory animals in pharmacological experiments. How are such ethical dilemma addressed in India currently

Phases of Clinical Trials in Drug Development

PharmaNotes Pro chapter17 questions · asked in 12 sessions · latest May 2023

1. May 2023 · Paper 4 · Q9 · 10 marksDiscuss phase 1 clinical trial.
2. May 2022 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 10 marksState principles of good clinical practice based on International conference on Harmonization.
3. Mar 2020 · Paper 4 · Q5 · 10 marksClinical Trials : Objectives of each Phases.
4. 2018 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 10 marksState characteristic features and importance of Phase III studies in drug development of a new therapeutic agent.
5. 2017 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 10 marksState the principles of Good Clinical Practice based on International Conference on Harmonization
6. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q4c · 7.5 marksDose solution for used in phase I clinical trial
7. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss Phase 1 and Phase 2 in the process of clinical trial of drugs
8. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the relevance and design of early phase clinical trial during new drug development.
9. 2014 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss about Phase 3 & Phase 4 in the process of clinical trial of drug. Give example of marketing surveillance leading to withdrawal of a group of drugs from the market.
10. 2014 · Paper 4 · Q4a · 7.5 marksPrinciples of Good Clinical Practice
11. 2011 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 20 marksBriefly outline the steps and mechanization involved in assuring data quality and credibility of the content of phase III clinical trial.
12. 2011 · Paper 4 · Q3e · 6 marksInvestigator brochure
13. May 2010 · Paper 4 · Q3a · 6 marksPhase I clinical trial
14. 2009 · Paper 4 · Q3a · 6 marksGood clinical practice
15. Apr 2008 · Paper 1 · Q4a · 7.5 marksPhase I clinical trial.
16. Apr 2008 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the different phases of clinical trials of a new chemical entity.
17. Apr 2007 · Paper 4 · Q3c · 6 marksGood Clinical Practice

Bioassay

PharmaNotes Pro chapter10 questions · asked in 8 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 3 · Q9 · 10 marksHow do you do pyrogen testing of parenteral formulations?
2. Mar 2020 · Paper 3 · Q4 · 10 marksDescribe methods in quality control of an assay.
3. 2017 · Paper 3 · Q10 · 10 marksBriefly discuss different types of 'Levers' used in experimental pharmacology and their uses in specific.
4. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q3d · 6 marksTyrode's Solution
5. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q4c · 7.5 marksPyrogen testing of parenteral formulations
6. 2014 · Paper 3 · Q3d · 6 marksJackson's Enterograph
7. 2012 · Paper 3 · Q4d · 7.5 marksRudolph Magnus
8. May 2010 · Paper 3 · Q4b · 7.5 marksPhysiological salt solution
9. Apr 2008 · Paper 3 · Q3c · 6 marksPyrogen testing for parenterals
10. Apr 2008 · Paper 3 · Q4b · 7.5 marksProbits

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in Pharmacology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter7 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest 2018

1. 2018 · Paper 3 · Q7 · 10 marksBriefly discuss principles of chromatography. What are the advantages of HPLC?
2. 2016 · Paper 3 · Q8 · 10 marksDiscuss about "Chromatography". What are the advantages of HPLC?
3. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q4b · 7.5 marksChromatography
4. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q3b · 6 marksPrinciples of HPLC
5. 2013 · Paper 3 · Q4c · 7.5 marksHigh Performance Liquid chromatography
6. 2011 · Paper 3 · Q4c · 7.5 marksHPLC
7. 2009 · Paper 3 · Q3c · 6 marksHigh performance thin layer chromatography

New Drug Development & Approval Process

PharmaNotes Pro chapter7 questions · asked in 6 sessions · latest Jul 2021

1. Jul 2021 · Paper 2 · Q5 · 10 marksWrite a short discourse on New drug development in anxiety disorder.
2. Jul 2021 · Paper 3 · Q8 · 10 marksDiscuss about Emergency use Authorization of drugs.
3. Mar 2019 · Paper 4 · Q4 · 10 marksWhat are "Me too" drugs?
4. 2016 · Paper 4 · Q7 · 10 marksWhy validation of target is important in drug development?
5. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q3c · 6 marks"Me too" drugs.
6. 2013 · Paper 1 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss the various steps involved in new drug discovery and development.
7. 2009 · Paper 1 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the various steps involved in new drug discovery and development.

Transgenic Animals & Animal Models of Disease

PharmaNotes Pro chapter6 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest May 2023

1. May 2023 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 10 marksWrite a brief note on transgenic animal models in biomedical research.
2. Mar 2019 · Paper 3 · Q10 · 10 marksTransgenic animals and elaborate their use in drug research.
3. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q3a · 6 marksKnock out mice
4. 2014 · Paper 3 · Q3b · 6 marksUse of transgenic animals in pharmacology
5. 2012 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the principles, methodology and experimental application of transgenic animal models
6. 2012 · Paper 3 · Q3d · 6 marksTransgenic animal

Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC)

PharmaNotes Pro chapter5 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest Jul 2021

1. Jul 2021 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 10 marksDiscuss about the composition of IEC and and roles of its members.
2. 2018 · Paper 3 · Q3 · 10 marksDiscuss about the role and responsibilities of "Institutional Ethics Committee". What should be composition of IEC according to ICMR guidelines?
3. 2017 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 10 marksDiscuss about the composition of Institutional Ethics Committee and the guidelines.
4. 2016 · Paper 4 · Q4 · 10 marksWhat do you know about the role of the basic scientists, clinician and day person in functioning of institutional ethics committee?
5. Apr 2008 · Paper 3 · Q3a · 6 marksEthical review board

New Drugs & Clinical Trials Rules, 2019

PharmaNotes Pro chapter5 questions · asked in 5 sessions · latest May 2023

1. May 2023 · Paper 4 · Q10 · 10 marksDiscuss how compensation is determined for SAE in clinical trials.
2. Mar 2020 · Paper 3 · Q10 · 10 marksDescribe the legal requirements for evaluation of a drug in human.
3. Mar 2019 · Paper 4 · Q10 · 10 marksHow will you calculate the compensations of a clinical trial injury?
4. 2016 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 10 marksDiscuss the role of drug regulatory bodies in clinical trials
5. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q3b · 6 marksCompensation for clinical trial related deaths in India

Blinding, Randomization & Allocation Concealment in Clinical Trials

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest May 2022

1. May 2022 · Paper 3 · Q6 · 10 marksDiscuss the significance of randomization in clinical trials. Elaborate on the practicable methods of randomization.
2. Mar 2019 · Paper 3 · Q6 · 10 marksEnumerate the biasness encountered in experimental pharmacology and how to overcome it.
3. 2018 · Paper 4 · Q5 · 10 marksState different levels of Blinding in clinical trials design with their advantages and disadvantages.
4. 2017 · Paper 3 · Q4 · 10 marksPrevention of bias in Randomized-controlled Trials – Discuss.

Student t-Test in Biostatistics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter4 questions · asked in 4 sessions · latest May 2023

1. May 2023 · Paper 3 · Q6 · 10 marksParametric tests.
2. 2013 · Paper 3 · Q4b · 7.5 marksPaired 't' test
3. May 2010 · Paper 3 · Q4a · 7.5 marksStudent 't' test
4. Apr 2007 · Paper 3 · Q4a · 7.5 marksDegrees of freedom

Alternatives to the Use of Animals in Drug Research

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest May 2022

1. May 2022 · Paper 3 · Q10 · 10 marksDescribe in short the methods used as an alternative to animal models.
2. Mar 2020 · Paper 3 · Q7 · 10 marksDescribe the use of human tissue assays as per clinical development.
3. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q4b · 7.5 marksPrinciples of cell culture

ARO-CRO Model in Clinical Trials

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 4 · Q8 · 10 marksWrite in details about Academic clinical trial.
2. May 2022 · Paper 3 · Q5 · 10 marksExplain the role and status of contract research organization.
3. 2014 · Paper 4 · Q3c · 6 marksContract Research Organisation

Crossover Study Designs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest 2017

1. 2017 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 10 marksState the different types of Clinical Trials design with advantages and disadvantages
2. 2012 · Paper 3 · Q3c · 6 marksCross over test
3. 2011 · Paper 3 · Q4d · 7.5 marksLatin squares design

ELISA and Immunoassays

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 10 marksState the principles of ELISA and its utility as an analytical technique.
2. Mar 2019 · Paper 3 · Q3 · 10 marksELISA
3. Apr 2008 · Paper 3 · Q4c · 7.5 marksPrinciples and advantages of ELISA

Flame Photometry in Analytical Pharmacology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 3 · Q10 · 10 marksUV-Vis Spectrophotometer: Principles and usefulness in analytical epidemiology.
2. 2014 · Paper 3 · Q4b · 7.5 marksUse of spectrophotometry in pharmacology
3. May 2010 · Paper 3 · Q4c · 7.5 marksSpectrophotometry

Geriatric Pharmacology

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 1 · Q9 · 10 marksDescribe the factors taken into consideration while prescribing the geriatric population.
2. 2018 · Paper 4 · Q10 · 10 marksMention the drugs to be avoided in elderly patients and state their safer alternatives.
3. 2017 · Paper 1 · Q5 · 10 marksWhat are the special challenges during drug use in elderly? How to rationalize the same?

Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest May 2022

1. May 2022 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 10 marksWhat is evidence based medicine. Mention the steps of evidence based medicine.
2. Mar 2020 · Paper 1 · Q10 · 10 marksDescribe evidence based medicine.
3. 2017 · Paper 4 · Q4 · 10 marksWhat is evidence based medicine? State the advantages and limitations in following evidence based medicine

P-value and Statistical Significance

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest 2016

1. 2016 · Paper 3 · Q9 · 10 marksHow do you calculate "P" value? What is the significance of "P" value?
2. 2014 · Paper 3 · Q4c · 7.5 marksSignificance of "P" value in statistics
3. May 2010 · Paper 3 · Q3d · 6 marks'P' value

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 10 marksWrite in brief on Radio immune Assay.
2. 2013 · Paper 3 · Q3d · 6 marksRadio-immuno assay
3. May 2010 · Paper 3 · Q3e · 6 marksRadio immuno assay

Screening Methods for Antidiabetic Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest 2016

1. 2016 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 10 marksDescribe the screening methods in animals for a potential anti diabetic drug.
2. 2011 · Paper 3 · Q3c · 6 marksAnimal model of type-2 diabetes mellitus
3. Apr 2007 · Paper 3 · Q4d · 7.5 marksAnimal models for screening anti diabetic drugs

Screening Methods for Antiepileptic Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest Dec 2024

1. Dec 2024 · Paper 3 · Q10 · 10 marksWrite in brief about the preclinical evaluation of anti epileptic drugs.
2. Mar 2019 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 10 marksHow will you screen a new drug for its putative anticonvulsant activity?
3. Apr 2008 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the experimental models and parameters for the evaluation of anti convulsant drugs

Screening Methods for Antifertility Agents

PharmaNotes Pro chapter3 questions · asked in 3 sessions · latest 2017

1. 2017 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 10 marksDescribe the methods used to evaluate a drug with possible Anti-Fertility effects.
2. 2013 · Paper 3 · Q4a · 7.5 marksEvaluation of antifertility agents
3. Apr 2007 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss various in vivo and in vitro methods for evaluating antifertility agents

Correlation and Regression

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 3 · Q6 · 10 marksDiscuss Receptor Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the performance of a clinical classification model.
2. Apr 2008 · Paper 3 · Q3d · 6 marksThe scatter plot

Drugs in Pregnancy & Lactation

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2012

1. 2012 · Paper 1 · Q4d · 7.5 marksTeratogenicity.
2. May 2010 · Paper 1 · Q4a · 7.5 marksDrug induced teratogenicity.

Euthanasia in Experimental Animals

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest May 2022

1. May 2022 · Paper 3 · Q4 · 10 marksDiscuss the methods of euthanasia in animals.
2. 2016 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 10 marksDiscuss methods of euthanasia in animals.

Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Mar 2020

1. Mar 2020 · Paper 3 · Q8 · 10 marksDescribe the use of Central tendencies (measures) in drug research.
2. 2017 · Paper 1 · Q10 · 10 marksWhat are "Mean", "Median" and "Mode" in biostatistics. What is the utility of "Probit"?

P-drugs & Rational Prescribing

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest 2011

1. 2011 · Paper 1 · Q3c · 6 marks'P' drugs.
2. Apr 2007 · Paper 1 · Q3a · 6 marksP-drug concept.

Sample Size Determination

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 3 · Q8 · 10 marksWhat is meant by sampling in a clinical research study? What are the different types of sampling? Discuss the common advantages and disadvantages of each type.
2. 2016 · Paper 4 · Q3 · 10 marksWhat is the importance of designing a protocol for research project to be submitted to the funding agencies? Is the help of a statistician very important from the start of the protocol designing?

Screening Methods for Anti-inflammatory & Analgesic Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter2 questions · asked in 2 sessions · latest Mar 2020

1. Mar 2020 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 10 marksHow will you screen new drug for analgesic activity?
2. 2018 · Paper 3 · Q4a · 5 marksPlethysmometer

Alternatives to Animal Experiments

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Mar 2019

1. Mar 2019 · Paper 3 · Q7 · 10 marksStrategies for reducing animal experiments in drug development.

Confidence Intervals

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2013

1. 2013 · Paper 3 · Q3c · 6 marksStandard error of Proportion

Declaration of Helsinki and Ethical Principles in Research

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2012

1. 2012 · Paper 4 · Q3d · 6 marksEthics of Research in man

Drug Promotional Literature

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2017

1. 2017 · Paper 4 · Q10 · 10 marksDescribe the WHO formulated ethical criteria for medicinal drug promotion

Drugs in Renal Failure

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Mar 2019

1. Mar 2019 · Paper 4 · Q5 · 10 marksCurrent guidelines of prescribing for renal implicators.

Fixed-Dose Combinations (FDC)

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest Jul 2021

1. Jul 2021 · Paper 1 · Q4 · 10 marksDescribe the rationality and justification of Fixed dose combination in therapy.

Normal Distribution

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2015

1. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q3e · 6 marksProbability in biostatistics

Placebo & the Placebo Effect

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2018

1. 2018 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 10 marksMention the different types of "Control" in clinical trial design.

Screening & Evaluation of Diuretics

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2018

1. 2018 · Paper 3 · Q4b · 5 marksMetabolic cage

Screening Methods for Antihypertensive Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2014

1. 2014 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss about the experimental methods for preclinical evaluation of anti hypertensive agents.

Screening of Antianginal Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2016

1. 2016 · Paper 3 · Q10 · 10 marksFor what purpose "Langendorff's Apparatus" is used?

Screening of Antianxiety Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2013

1. 2013 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss experimental methods suitable for Preclinical evaluation of anxiolytics in rodents

Screening of Ophthalmic and Antiglaucoma Drugs

PharmaNotes Pro chapter1 question · asked in 1 session · latest 2014

1. 2014 · Paper 3 · Q3e · 6 marksWhat are the agents that can be assessed on Rabbit's eye?

Miscellaneous

No chapter link yet95 questions · asked in 19 sessions · latest Sep 2025

1. Sep 2025 · Paper 1 · Q9 · 10 marksState the advantages and disadvantages of fixed dose combination drugs.
2. Sep 2025 · Paper 3 · Q3 · 10 marksDescribe the common preclinical models used for evaluation of Antidiabetic agents.
3. Sep 2025 · Paper 3 · Q4 · 10 marksDescribe the different Inferential statistical tests are used for comparing categorical, parametric and non-parametric variables between two or more independent groups?
4. Sep 2025 · Paper 3 · Q5 · 10 marksDescribe the common preclinical models used for evaluation of Antifertility agents.
5. Sep 2025 · Paper 3 · Q7 · 10 marksDiscuss about key consideration, ethical principles, challenges and best practices of taking Assent from children.
6. Sep 2025 · Paper 4 · Q10 · 10 marksState the salient features of the NDCT (New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules) 2019.
7. Dec 2024 · Paper 3 · Q4 · 10 marksDescribe various experimental methods used for evaluation of analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents.
8. May 2023 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 10 marksWrite a short note on Plagiarism and its importance.
9. May 2023 · Paper 3 · Q3 · 10 marksWrite in brief about animal models for evaluation of anti-hypertensive drugs.
10. May 2023 · Paper 3 · Q4 · 10 marksDeterminants of sample size in clinical trials.
11. May 2023 · Paper 3 · Q9 · 10 marksDiscuss the importance of confidence interval (CI) in biostatistics.
12. May 2023 · Paper 3 · Q10 · 10 marksDiscuss how NDCT 19 differs from earstwhile Drug and Cosmetic act.
13. May 2023 · Paper 4 · Q4 · 10 marksWhat are the guiding principles while considering approval of Fixed Dose Combination drugs (FDC)?
14. May 2022 · Paper 2 · Q9 · 10 marksDescribe the principles and merits of Bioassay.
15. May 2022 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 10 marksMention different types of lever used in isolated tissue experiment.
16. May 2022 · Paper 3 · Q7 · 10 marksRole of a Pharmacologist in Ethics Committee.
17. May 2022 · Paper 4 · Q4 · 10 marksRecent advances in management of NASH.
18. May 2022 · Paper 4 · Q10 · 10 marksWrite a short note on Meta analysis.
19. Jul 2021 · Paper 2 · Q4 · 10 marksDescribe the significance of Zinc supplementation.
20. Jul 2021 · Paper 3 · Q5 · 10 marksDiscuss preclinical evaluation of a putative anti-inflammatory agent.
21. Jul 2021 · Paper 3 · Q7 · 10 marksDiscuss about sample size calculation and its importance in a research.
22. Mar 2020 · Paper 1 · Q7 · 10 marksDescribe the role of placebos in drug evaluation and therapy.
23. Mar 2020 · Paper 1 · Q9 · 10 marksBriefly outline history of Pharmacology.
24. Mar 2020 · Paper 3 · Q6 · 10 marksExplain Forest plot.
25. Mar 2020 · Paper 4 · Q4 · 10 marksCONSORT.
26. Mar 2019 · Paper 1 · Q5 · 10 marksFixed dose combinations of drugs-discuss critically.
27. Mar 2019 · Paper 3 · Q5 · 10 marksANOVA and Post hoc test.
28. Mar 2019 · Paper 4 · Q1 · 10 marksWhat are surrogate Markers in clinical Trials, their merits and demerits?
29. 2018 · Paper 1 · Q3 · 10 marksCritically review the role of placebo in therapeutics and in clinical trials.
30. 2018 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 10 marksDiscuss preclinical evaluation of a putative anti inflammatory agent.
31. 2018 · Paper 3 · Q6 · 10 marksWhat are parametric tests? Outline the significance of student's t test. How can you calculate it?
32. 2018 · Paper 3 · Q8 · 10 marksWhat are the methods principles for validation of a "Questionnaire Based" research study?
33. 2018 · Paper 3 · Q10 · 10 marksWhat is "Informed Consent"? Explain its importance in clinical research.
34. 2017 · Paper 1 · Q7 · 10 marksCritically discuss about fixed dose combination of drugs.
35. 2017 · Paper 3 · Q3 · 10 marksWhat are the principles of bioassay? What are the merits of bioassay?
36. 2017 · Paper 3 · Q5 · 10 marksDescribe preclinical evaluation of experimental methods of a putative antiepileptic agent.
37. 2017 · Paper 4 · Q8 · 10 marksDescribe the term "Plagiarism" and "Copyright Infringements"
38. 2016 · Paper 1 · Q6 · 10 marksUse of toxins in therapeutics.
39. 2016 · Paper 2 · Q6 · 10 marksDiscuss about the newer developments in the management of pain.
40. 2016 · Paper 3 · Q4 · 10 marksDescribe experimental methods for practical evaluation of anti-inflammatory agent.
41. 2016 · Paper 3 · Q6 · 10 marksDiscuss the method of bioassay of oxytocin.
42. 2016 · Paper 3 · Q7 · 10 marksWhat is the role of a "Placebo" in clinical trials?
43. 2015 · Paper 1 · Q4d · 7.5 marksFixed dose combination of drugs.
44. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 20 marksDescribe the screening methods of a drug molecule for its antifertility effects.
45. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss briefly the experimental model for preclinical evaluation of anti anxiety effects of a new drug.
46. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q3a · 6 marks95% confidence interval
47. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q3b · 6 marksBulldog clip
48. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q3c · 6 marksBracketing assay
49. 2015 · Paper 3 · Q3d · 6 marksSample size estimation for surveys
50. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 20 marksWhat purposes do randomization and blinding serve in human experimentation? Briefly explain strategies for randomization, binding and allocation concealment in modern day clinical trials
51. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q3a · 6 marksWaiver of consent
52. 2015 · Paper 4 · Q4d · 7.5 marksRole of clinical pharmacologist in hospital based patient care
53. 2014 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss about the experimental methods for preclinical evaluation of anti-inflammatory drugs.
54. 2014 · Paper 3 · Q3a · 6 marksSample size
55. 2014 · Paper 3 · Q4d · 7.5 marksFour point assay – its advantages
56. 2014 · Paper 4 · Q4b · 7.5 marksInstitutional Ethics Committee
57. 2013 · Paper 1 · Q4a · 7.5 marksFixed dose combination of drugs.
58. 2013 · Paper 2 · Q4d · 7.5 marksSurrogate markers.
59. 2013 · Paper 3 · Q3a · 6 marksDouble blind technique
60. 2013 · Paper 3 · Q3b · 6 marksType I and Type II error
61. 2013 · Paper 3 · Q3e · 6 marksConfidence interval
62. 2013 · Paper 4 · Q4b · 7.5 marksRole of clinical pharmacologist in hospital based patient care
63. 2012 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 20 marksDescribe the experimental methods for evaluation of analgesic drugs
64. 2012 · Paper 3 · Q3a · 6 marksBracketing assay
65. 2012 · Paper 3 · Q3b · 6 marksSample size
66. 2012 · Paper 3 · Q4b · 7.5 marksRegression coefficient
67. 2012 · Paper 4 · Q3b · 6 marksDynamic information base of drugs
68. 2012 · Paper 4 · Q3c · 6 marksCompliance
69. 2012 · Paper 4 · Q3e · 6 marksSurrogate endpoints
70. 2011 · Paper 1 · Q3b · 6 marksApoptosis.
71. 2011 · Paper 1 · Q3d · 6 marksFixed dose combinations.
72. 2011 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 20 marksDescribe the experimental methods for evaluation of antianginal drugs
73. 2011 · Paper 3 · Q3a · 6 marksOdds ratio
74. 2011 · Paper 3 · Q3b · 6 marksAnalysis of variance
75. 2011 · Paper 3 · Q4a · 7.5 marksMeta-analysis
76. May 2010 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 20 marksDiscuss the bioassay method for determining the strength of an unknown concentration of acetylcholine
77. May 2010 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss the experimental methods of evaluation of anti-inflammatory drugs
78. May 2010 · Paper 3 · Q4d · 7.5 marksPlacebo
79. May 2010 · Paper 4 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss the role of ethics committee in clinical research.
80. 2009 · Paper 1 · Q3a · 6 marksDrug nomenclature.
81. 2009 · Paper 1 · Q3c · 6 marksPharmacognosy.
82. 2009 · Paper 1 · Q4c · 7.5 marksStem cell research in India.
83. 2009 · Paper 3 · Q1 · 20 marksWhat are the principles of bioassay? Briefly discuss the bioassay methods for an unknown concentration of histamine
84. 2009 · Paper 3 · Q3d · 6 marksMeta analysis
85. 2009 · Paper 3 · Q4b · 7.5 marksNon-parametric statistical tests
86. Apr 2008 · Paper 1 · Q3c · 6 marksDrug nomenclature.
87. Apr 2008 · Paper 3 · Q2 · 20 marksDiscuss the principles and application of "Flowcytometry"
88. Apr 2008 · Paper 3 · Q3b · 6 marksConfidence interval
89. Apr 2008 · Paper 3 · Q3e · 6 marksRandomisation
90. Apr 2008 · Paper 3 · Q4d · 7.5 marksModels used for screening of antiepileptic drugs
91. Apr 2007 · Paper 2 · Q3e · 6 marksUse of radio isotopes in diagnostics and therapeutics
92. Apr 2007 · Paper 3 · Q3d · 6 marksConfidence limits
93. Apr 2007 · Paper 3 · Q3e · 6 marksNon parametric statistical tests
94. Apr 2007 · Paper 4 · Q3b · 6 marksSchedule Y in India
95. Apr 2007 · Paper 4 · Q4d · 7.5 marksPlacebo in clinical trials

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