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MD Pharmacology NMC syllabus ~5 min read Recent advances last updated on 2026-05-16

Pharmacokinetics: ADME

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism & Excretion — from membrane transport to clearance, kinetics and model-informed dosing

Past RGUHS + DNB + MPMSU + MUHS · 239 RGUHSSep '25 RGUHSMay '25 DNBDec '25 DNBDec '25 DNBDec '25 DNBDec '25 DNBDec '25 DNBJun '25 MUHSWinter '25 MUHSWinter '25 RGUHSSep '25 MPMSUOct '25 MPMSUMay '25 MPMSUJan '25 MPMSUJan '25 MPMSUOct '25 MPMSUMay '25 MPMSUOct '25 MPMSUMay '25 RGUHSSep '25 RGUHSMay '25 RGUHSJun '24 RGUHSJun '24 DNBMay '24 DNBMay '24 DNBOct '24 DNBOct '24 MUHSWinter '24 MUHSWinter '24 RGUHSJun '24 RGUHSDec '23 RGUHSJul '23 DNBApr '23 DNBApr '23 DNBApr '23 DNBApr '23 DNBApr '23 DNBApr '23 DNBOct '23 DNBOct '23 DNBOct '23 DNBOct '23 DNBOct '23 MUHSSummer '23 MUHSSummer '23 MUHSWinter '23 MUHSWinter '23 MUHSWinter '23 RGUHSDec '23 RGUHSJul '23 MPMSUJun '23 MPMSUJun '23 MPMSUJun '23 MPMSUJun '23 RGUHSNov '22 RGUHSNov '22 RGUHSMay '22 DNBDec '22 DNBJun '22 DNBJun '22 DNBJun '22 DNBJun '22 DNBJun '22 MUHSSummer '22 MUHSSummer '22 MUHSSummer '22 RGUHSNov '22 RGUHSMay '22 MPMSU2022 RGUHSMay '22 RGUHSNov '21 RGUHSJul '21 RGUHSJul '21 RGUHSJul '21 DNBDec '21 DNBDec '21 DNBDec '21 DNBDec '21 DNBJun '21 DNBJun '21 DNBJun '21 DNBJun '21 MUHSWinter '21 MPMSUAug '21 MPMSUAug '21 MPMSUAug '21 RGUHSNov '21 RGUHSNov '20 RGUHSJun '20 RGUHSJun '20 DNBDec '20 DNBDec '20 DNBDec '20 DNBDec '20 DNBJun '20 DNBJun '20 DNBJun '20 MUHSSummer '20 MUHSWinter '20 MPMSU2020 RGUHSNov '20 RGUHSJun '20 RGUHSJun '20 RGUHSNov '19 RGUHSNov '19 RGUHSMay '19 RGUHSMay '19 MUHSSummer '19 MUHSSummer '19 MUHSWinter '19 MUHSWinter '19 RGUHSMay '19 MPMSUMay '19 MPMSU2019 MPMSUMay '19 MPMSU2019 RGUHSNov '19 RGUHSMay '19 RGUHSMay '19 RGUHSNov '18 RGUHSMay '18 RGUHSMay '18 MUHSSummer '18 MUHSWinter '18 RGUHSNov '18 MPMSU2018 MPMSUMay '18 MPMSU2018 RGUHSNov '17 RGUHSNov '17 RGUHSNov '17 MUHSSummer '17 MUHSSummer '17 MUHSSummer '17 Suppl MUHSSummer '17 Suppl MPMSUJun '17 MPMSU2017 MPMSU2017 MPMSU2017 MPMSU2017 RGUHSNov '16 RGUHSNov '16 RGUHSNov '16 RGUHSNov '16 RGUHSJun '16 DNBDec '16 DNBDec '16 DNBDec '16 DNBDec '16 DNBDec '16 MPMSU2016 MPMSU2016 DNBDec '15 DNBDec '15 DNBDec '15 DNBDec '15 DNBDec '15 MUHSWinter '15 MUHSWinter '15 MUHSWinter '15 MPMSU2015 MPMSU2015 MPMSU2015 DNBDec '14 DNBDec '14 DNBDec '14 DNBDec '14 DNBDec '14 MUHSWinter '14 MPMSU2014 DNBDec '13 DNBDec '13 DNBDec '13 MPMSU2013 DNBDec '12 DNBDec '12 DNBDec '12 RGUHSMay '11 RGUHSMay '11 RGUHSMay '11 RGUHSMay '11 DNBDec '11 DNBDec '11 DNBDec '11 MPMSU2011 MPMSU2011 MPMSU2011 MPMSU2011 RGUHSMay '11 RGUHSOct '10 RGUHSMay '10 RGUHSMay '10 RGUHSMay '10 RGUHSMay '10 RGUHSOct '10 RGUHSMay '10 MPMSU2010 MPMSU2010 MPMSU2010 MPMSU2010 RGUHSMay '10 RGUHSOct '09 RGUHSOct '09 RGUHSOct '09 RGUHSOct '09 RGUHSOct '09 RGUHSMay '09 RGUHSMay '09 RGUHSMay '09 RGUHSMay '09 RGUHSOct '09 MPMSU2009 MPMSU2009 RGUHSOct '09 RGUHSMay '09 RGUHSOct '08 RGUHSOct '08 RGUHSOct '08 RGUHSApr '08 RGUHSApr '08 RGUHSApr '08 RGUHSSep '07 RGUHSApr '07 RGUHSApr '07 MPMSU2007 MPMSU2007 RGUHSApr '07 RGUHSSep '06 RGUHSSep '06 RGUHSSep '06 RGUHSApr '06 MPMSU2006 MPMSU2006 MPMSU2006 RGUHSApr '06 MPMSU2005 MPMSU2005 MPMSU2004 MPMSU1995

Introduction & the ADME framework

  • Pharmacokinetics — the quantitative study of drug movement into, through and out of the body — what the body does to the drug, as distinct from pharmacodynamics (what the drug does to the body).
  • ADME / LADME — the four PK processes — Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion; metabolism + excretion together = elimination. Liberation (L) of drug from the dosage form precedes absorption and is rate-limiting for solid oral forms.
  • Clinical relevance — PK governs route, dose, latency of onset, time to peak, duration of action and dosing frequency; response tracks drug concentration at the site of action, which usually mirrors plasma concentration.
  • Molecular determinants — movement and availability depend on molecular size, degree of ionization, lipid solubility of the ionized vs nonionized forms, structure and protein binding; every ADME step requires crossing biological membranes.
Figure 1 — The ADME framework: liberation → absorption → distribution ⇌ tissue, with metabolism and excretion as elimination.
Figure 1 — The ADME framework: liberation → absorption → distribution ⇌ tissue, with metabolism and excretion as elimination.
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Pharmacokinetics Adme

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